Background Micro-mobility provides a solution for last mile problem and e-scooter sharing systems are one of the most heavily adopted micro-mobility services. The increasing usages of e-scooters make it necessary to analyse the possible effects of the vibrations transmitted to the drivers.Purpose This research has studied for the first time the e-scooter vibrations effects on drivers comfort and health for the actual range of circulation speeds, that can exceed 25km/h. Methods Based on experimental measured stiffness of two different e-scooter wheels and Multibody dynamic simulations, several statistical models have been obtained following the standard UNE2631.
ResultsThe results show that for a common e-scooter and a road profile with a very good-good roughness level, a velocity of 16 km/h starts to be uncomfortable and for 23km/h could be harmful for health, for short trip durations. Derived from the statistical models, a new way of measuring the roughness has been proposed and that will be one of the future works to adjust and validate it.Conclusion E-scooter suspension systems (front suspension and wheels) must be improved under human comfort and health point of view. Furthermore, results suggest the necessity of study the vibrations effects on real e-scooters due to the maximum speed they can reach is greater than 25km/h.
In order to elucidate the existence of gender-related variations in both growth hormone (GH) release and the activity of somatotropic cells following bilateral adrenalectomy, a morphometric analysis was performed on GH-immunoreactive cells from adult male and female rats after bilateral adrenalectomy, correlating the findings with the serum levels of the hormone. The results obtained were compared to those found in untreated animals. Bilateral adrenalectomy was seen to induce a decrease in serum GH levels (p < 0.01) in male rats; this was accompanied by a significant decrease in cellular area (p < 0.01), cytoplasmic area (p < 0.05) and nuclear area (p < 0.01) and by a decrease in the cytoplasmic immunoreaction intensity of GH cells. By contrast, the above-mentioned changes did not appear in the female rats. These results suggest that the action of glucocorticoids on the synthesis and release of GH depends on the sex of the animal.
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