Guidelines are fundamental in addressing everyday clinical indications and in reporting the current evidence-based data of related scientific investigations. At the same time, a spatial and temporal issue can limit their value. Indeed, variability in the recommendations can be found both among the same nation different scientific societies and among different nations/continents. On the other side, Garcia already published in 2014 data showing how, after three years in average, one out of five recommendations gets outdated (Martinez Garcia LM, Sanabria AJ, Garcia Alvarez E, et al. The validity of recommendations from clinical guidelines: a survival analysis. CMAJ 2014;186(16):1211–1219). The present document reports a narrative literature revision on the major international recommendations in lower limb venous and lymphatic disease management, focusing on the different countries’ guidelines, trends and controversies from all the continents, while identifying new evidence-based data potentially influencing future guidelines. World renowned experts’ opinions are also provided. The document has been written following the recorded round tables scientific discussions held at the vWINter international meeting (22–26 January 2019; Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy) and the pre- and post-meeting literature search performed by the leading experts.

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Los organismos incrustantes son un subproducto generado del cultivo del molusco Argopecten purpuratus,que impactan el medio marino costero por su inadecuada disposición. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la distribución de los organismos incrustantes durante los años 2017 a 2019 y su organización funcional, información que permitirá mejorar el cultivo y desarrollar un manejo ambientalmente responsable. Las muestras fueron tomadas de sistemas de cultivo suspendido del molusco bivalvo A. purpuratus en bahía  amanco (Ancash, Perú). Se registraron mensualmente parámetros fisicoquímicos como temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, pH y salinidad. El análisis cualitativo y cuantitativoconsistió en la determinación de la riqueza de especies y la abundancia mediante el registro del peso. Se encontraron 80 taxones, de los cuales 66 se identificaron a especie. El 41 % son organismos incrustantes, conformado por los phyla Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Porifera, Cnidaria, Brachiochopoda, Bryozoa, Arthropoda, Mollusca y Chordata; de estos el 73 % son filtradores. El 59 % restante presenta algún tipo de movilidad, la mayoría son depredadores y está conformado principalmente por Polychaeta, Malacostraca y Gastropoda. Así mismo, se registran nueve especies introducidas: Ciona robusta, Ciona intestinalis, Bugula neritina, Bugulina stolonifera, Botrylloides violaceus, Caprella equilibra, Caprella scaura, Jassa slatteryi y Scruparia ambigua. Las  especies C. robusta, Semimytilus algosus, B. neritina y Tubularia sp. se encuentran presentes durante todo el año y representan el 80 % de la biomasa que conforma la comunidad de organismos incrustantes. Estos resultados ayudan a comprender esta compleja diversidad asociada al cultivo.

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Study of small-sized or taxonomically challenging taxa is mandatory to early detect exotic species. The caprellid Paracaprella pusilla has been successfully spreading in many world areas in the last decade. Biofouling from culture lanterns of bivalves Argopecten purpuratus and Pteria sterna were collected between February 2017 and November 2018 in Samanco Bay and Sechura Bay, Peru. This study represents the first record of P. pusilla in Peru, confirming that the species is expanding towards lower latitudes along Pacific coast of South America. Paracaprella pusilla was found mainly associated with the bryozoan Bugula neritina and hydrozoan Ectopleura cf. crocea. The present study contributes to the knowledge of the biodiversity of these crustaceans in the Peruvian coast, but it is recommended to increase sampling along the Southeast Pacific.

Study of small-sized or taxonomically challenging taxa is mandatory to early detect exotic species. The caprellid Paracaprella pusilla has been successfully spreading in many world areas in the last decade. Biofouling from culture lanterns of bivalves Argopecten purpuratus and Pteria sterna were collected between February 2017 and November 2018 in Samanco Bay and Sechura Bay, Peru. This study represents the rst record of P. pusilla in Peru, con rming that the species is expanding towards lower latitudes along Paci c coast of South America. Paracaprella pusilla was found mainly associated with the bryozoan Bugula neritina and hydrozoan Ectopleura cf. crocea. The present study contributes to the knowledge of the biodiversity of these crustaceans in the Peruvian coast, but it is recommended to increase sampling along the Southeast Paci c.