Objective.
To explore the association of maternal health literacy (MHL), parenting self-efficacy and early parenting practices among low-income mothers with infants.
Design.
A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design.
Participants.
Low-income mothers (N=186) with infants.
Methods.
Face-to-face interviews were conducted using English and Spanish versions of questionnaires by trained bilingual research assistants. The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) screening tool was used to measure MHL.
Results.
Nearly three-quarters (72%) of mothers were rated as having low MHL. In the bivariate analysis, MHL was positively correlated with education, household income, language, social support, parenting self-efficacy, and early parenting practices, but negatively correlated with number of children. The study findings demonstrate that parenting self-efficacy had a mediating effect on MHL and early parenting practices among mothers with infants.
Conclusion.
Results suggest that future research is needed to advance MHL in low-income mothers and to inform potential HL interventions for this target population.
Objective
Given the importance of social ties and connectedness in the lives of older ethnic immigrants, the present study examined the prevalence of social isolation and its risk factors in older Korean Americans.
Method
Using survey data from 1,301 participants (Mage = 70.5, SD = 7.24), risk groups for marginal social ties with family and friends were identified and predictors of each type of social isolation explored.
Results
Male gender and poorer rating of health were identified as common risk factors for marginal ties to both family and friends. Findings also present specific risk factors for each type of social isolation. For example, an increased risk of having marginal ties with friends was observed among individuals with perceived financial strain, greater functional impairment, and a shorter stay in the United States.
Discussion
The common and specific risk factors should be incorporated in programs to reduce social isolation in older immigrant populations.
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