In the early Christian era, the apologist Irenaeus of Lyon contemplated the meaning of participation in the divine Logos by humans and all created beings. In his main work Adversus haereses, he offers an orthodox view of the Logos, Jesus Christ, as the Word and Wisdom of God the Father. He explains that the Logos is present in human beings and is also united with all creatures. Through the divine Logos, people are renewed, animated and become partakers of immortality. Furthermore, Irenaeus teaches that participation in the Logos is linked with the presence of the Holy Spirit. The universe exists through the divine Logos, who is inseminated in everything. Thus, the divine Logos plays a major role in the process of sanctification, and of unification and communion with God. Introduction As the most significant theologian of the second century, Irenaeus of Lyon 1 became famous for his main work, Unmasking and Refutation of the Gnosis Falsely So-Called. 2 His second important study was Demonstration of Apostolic Preaching, 3 1 Irenaeus was born around 140 in Smyrna, Asia Minor, and died in 202 in Lugdunum. In his youth he was a pupil of Polycarp of Smyrna, and later-during the reign of Marcus Aurelius-he became a presbyter and bishop in Lyon. He studied in Palestinian Caesarea, as well as in Rome under Pope Anicet. In Lyon, he took action against the Gnostics. See also B. Altaner, A. Stuiber,
In this article a system of values of Mark Aurelius, the Roman emperor and the philosopher ruling in Rome in 161-188 years, was described. The hierarchy of these values is based on reflections of the „philosopher on the throne” included in his Meditations. In the first part a respect of the emperor was portrayed towards the visible world and the laws of nature which are ruling it. Next an importance of the virtue was emphasized in the view of the author of Meditations as well as how significant was the fulfilment of everyday social duties. In the last part a fundamental role of the mind and the internal leader-demon was described. According to the thinker nothing is more important than the mind and our actions are entirely under its authority. Mind whereas it is a deity it is the emanation of the universal deity. On that account internal mind must break free from the rule of the sensual impulses and experiences which are merging with the body. In such a way Mark Aurelius applied the Platonic dichotomy to the stoical distinguishing and constructed his own hierarchy of values, using reflections of thinkers preceding him.
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