El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender los patrones de policonsumo simultáneo de sustancias psicoactivas y sus implicaciones de género, legales y sociales, en estudiantes de primer y segundo año de las facultades de ciencias de la salud/ciencias médicas, en siete universidades de cinco países latinoamericanos, Colombia, Nicaragua, Chile, Brasil y El Salvador, y un país caribeño, Jamaica. El diseño fue un corte transversal. Las combinaciones de alcohol + tabaco y de alcohol + marihuana fueron las mas reportadas en todas las universidades, a excepción de alcohol + tabaco en Jamaica. Los factores asociados al policonsumo más referidos fueron "tener relaciones sexuales inesperada" en la universidad de Brasil, "tener relaciones sexuales sin protección" en las universidades de Chile, Colombia y Nicaragua, "tener problemas con su pareja sentimental" en la universidad de Jamaica, y "ausentarse de clases" en la universidad de El Salvador. Tres entornos se relacionaron, de manera positiva o negativa, con el policonsumo simultáneo de sustancias psicoactivas: estudiantil, familiar y de comportamiento sexual.
Background Small island Caribbean countries such as Jamaica are now facing an epidemic of obesity and decreased physical activity (PA) levels. Public parks have been shown to be important resources for PA that also provide psychological and social benefits associated with increased PA. There are no studies that document PA in parks in the Caribbean. Methods This study utilized a mixed method approach by using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) to obtain baseline data on park usage patterns in Emancipation Park, a large urban public park in Jamaica. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted to gain additional insights on the park’s use for PA. Results The park was used mostly by females, in the evenings and by persons 18–64 years old. Females had significantly lower mean energy expenditure (EE) than males (0.078 versus 0.080 kcal/kg/min, p < 0.05). In-depth interviews revealed that safety, a central location within a business district, aesthetic appeal, a walking track and individual health benefits were key reasons for persons engaging in PA at the park. Conclusions This is the first study to describe the usage of a public park for PA in Jamaica. The study elicited aspects of park use for PA in a major urban park in Jamaica from different vantage points by using direct systematic observation augmented with a qualitative approach. It revealed important differential park use for PA by sex, age group and EE levels, and provided insights into factors that motivate and hinder park usage for PA. This can be used by policymakers in Jamaica to inform PA interventions to reduce obesity, provide baseline data for comparisons with other parks in developing countries and to advocate for well-designed public parks. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7247-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
This study is part of a multicentric research project involving seven universities in five Latin American countries and one Caribbean island (Jamaica). This cross-sectional study examines the profile of a sample of first and second year undergraduate students in the Medical/Health Science Department of one university in Kingston, Jamaica. The sample size was 295 students. Our results revealed that this pattern of drug use is occurring in this specific university. Alcohol was the most frequently reported substance 27.5%, followed by cannabis 6.1% and tobacco 4.7%. Report of polydrug consumption was low for all categories studied. Our findings may inform interventions at the university level. DESCRIPTORS:Students. Street drugs. Behaviour addictive. Substance-related disorders. Risk factors. EL PERFILE DEL POLICONSUMO SIMULTÁNEO DE DROGAS ENTRE ESTUDIANTES DE PREGRADO DE UNA UNIVERSIDAD, KINGSTON -JAMAICA RESUMEN:Este estudio forma parte de una investigación multicentrica que involucra siete universidades en cinco países de América Latina y una isla caribeña (Jamaica). Estudio de corte transversal que examina el perfil de una muestra de estudiantes de pregrado del primer y segundo años del departamento de Ciencias de la Salud/Médicas de una universidad en Kingston, Jamaica. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 295 estudiantes. Nuestros resultados revelaron que este patrón de consumo de drogas se está produciendo en la universidad estudiada. Alcohol fue la droga mas reportada 27.5%, seguida por cannabis 6.1% y tabaco 4.7%. El reporte de poli-consumo simultaneo fue bajo. Nuestros hallazgos pueden contribuir a informar intervensiones a nivel universitario. DESCRIPTORES:Estudiantes. Drogas ilícitas. Conducta adictiva. Transtornos relacionados com substancias. Factores de riesgo. O PERFIL DO POLICONSUMO SIMULTÂNEO DE DROGAS ENTRE ESTUDANTES DE GRADUAÇÃO DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE, KINGSTON -JAMAICARESUMO: Este estudo é parte de uma investigação multicêntrica envolvendo sete universidades em cinco países da América Latina e uma ilha caribenha (Jamaica). Este estudo de corte transversal analisa o perfil de 295 estudantes do primeiro e segundo ano de graduação do departamento de ciências da medicina/saúde de uma Universidade em Kingston, Jamaica. Os resultados revelaram que o padrão de policonsumo simultâneo de drogas está ocorrendo na Universidade selecionada. O álcool foi a droga mais comumente relatada (27,5%), seguida pela maconha 6,1%, e tabaco 4,7%). O relatório de policonsumo simultâneo foi baixo. Nossas descobertas podem contribuir para as intervenções a nível universitário. DESCRITORES:Estudantes. Drogas ilícitas. Comportamento aditivo. Transtornos relacionados ao uso de substancias. Fatores de risco.
Objective: Marijuana misuse by adolescents is a social and public mental health problem in Jamaica and globally. Research has suggested that family structure is one of the factors that influences adolescents' consumption of marijuana. This study was undertaken to determine if family structure and parental monitoring had any association with marijuana use among adolescents in Jamaica. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample collected in Jamaica's National Secondary School Survey 2013 were analysed. The study sample consisted of 3365 grades 8-12 students from 38 secondary schools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using PSPP software. Results: A significantly higher proportion of male (24.4%) than female (16.9%) adolescents reported lifetime use of marijuana. There was no significant difference in the proportions of male and female adolescents regarding marijuana use over the past one year (15.5% versus 10.4%) or over the past 30 days (8.7% versus 5.4%). There were significant differences in lifetime use of marijuana among adolescents from different family structures (Chi-square = 442.63, p = 0.00). The differences were not between one-parent families and two-parent families. Parental monitoring of adolescents' school work was strongly protective against lifetime marijuana use. Adolescents whose parents paid attention very closely (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.34; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 0.22, 0.52), closely (AOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.99) and somewhat closely (AOR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.99) to what they did at school were all significantly less likely to have ever used marijuana. Conclusion: Lifetime marijuana use among adolescents was associated with family structure but not from the perspective of one-parent families versus two-parent families. Parental monitoring of adolescents' school activities significantly protected against lifetime use of marijuana.
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