The simple semi-empirical model for calculation of detonation pressure and velocity for CHNO explosives has been developed, which is based on experimental values of detonation parameters. Model uses Avakyan’s method for determination of detonation products' chemical composition, and is applicable in wide range of densities. Compared with the well-known Kamlet's method and numerical model of detonation based on BKW EOS, the calculated values from proposed model have significantly better accuracy
Abstract:The most common chemical's spills in typical transportation accidents are those with petroleum products such as diesel fuel, the consequence of which is an extensive pollution of the soil. In order to plan properly fuel recovery from the soil, it is important to gain information about the soil depth which may be affected by pollutant and to predict the pollutant concentration in different soil layers. This study deals with the impact of basic atmospheric conditions, i.e. air temperature and humidity on the diesel fuel migration through the soil. The diesel fuel was spilled into columns (L = 30 cm; D = 4.6 cm) fi lled with sandy and clay soil samples, and its concentrations at various depths were measured after 11 days under various air temperature (20 and 40°C) and relative humidity (30-100%) conditions. The effects observed were explained by understanding physical processes, such as fuel evaporation, diffusion and adsorption on soil grains. The increase in temperature results in higher fuel evaporation loss and its faster vertical migration. The relative humidity effect is less pronounced but more complex, and it depends much on the soil type.
This paper describes an optimization procedure for the adsorption of arsenite ions from wastewater using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The adsorbent is based on hydroxy apatite, a natural material obtained from carp (Cyprinus carpio) scales.The input parameters were the influence of pH, the temperature, the initial concentration and reaction time of arsenite adsorption while the adsorption capacity and the arsenite removal percentage were studied as the output parameters.
The possibility of the impact sensitivity prediction based on the physicochemical properties and element composition of explosives contributes to a faster research of novel high explosives (HE), reduces the research costs and helps to improve the explosive safety. This paper analyzes the existing methods for the prediction of impact sensitivity and introduces a response surface methodology (RSM). The new method comprises a correlation between impact sensitivity and two primary properties of HE: detonation velocity and heat of detonation. Calculated impact sensitivities are compared to the experimental values taken from the literature in order to validate the approach.
Introduction/purpose: When performing the explosive welding procedure, for the safety of workers, it is necessary to take into account the minimum distance between the workers and the place of explosion at the time of explosion. Negligence can cause temporary hearing loss, rupture of the eardrum and in some cases even the death of workers. The aim of this paper is to determine the critical distance based on the mass of explosive charge required for explosive welding, provided that the limit pressure is 6.9 kPa in the case of temporary hearing loss and 35 kPa in the case of eardrum rupture. This paper does not take into account other effects of the explosion than those caused by the shock wave. Methods: Depending on the type of explosion, the equivalent explosive mass was calculated. Based on the equivalent explosive mass and the limit pressure, the minimum distances were calculated using the Sadovsky and Kingery-Bulmash equations. Results: The corresponding tables show the results of the calculation of the critical distance of workers from the place of the explosion when there may be temporary hearing loss or rupture of the eardrum. The calculated value of the critical explosion distance by the Kingery-Bulmash method, under the condition of the maximum pressure for temporary hearing loss, is 5.62% lower than the distance value obtained by the Sadovsky method while the value of the critical explosion distance calculated by the Kingery-Bulmash method, under the condition of the maximum pressure for eardrum rupture, is 7.83% lower than the value obtained by the Sadovsky method. Conclusion: The results of the calculation showed that the critical distance from the explosion can be successfully calculated and that the obtained values have small differences depending on the applied calculation method.
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