A simple and fast approach to the design and production of new hybrid polymeric biomaterials with silver particles is presented in this work. Silver/semi-interpenetrating network hybrid hydrogels (Ag/semi-IPNHHs) were prepared through an optimized solution crosslinking copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and itaconic acid (IA), in the presence of PVP, a silver salt and a reducing "green" agent (Ag/P(HEMA/IA)/PVP). PVP was chosen due to its protective, reduction, and nucleation properties in the production of metal particles. The structure of the Ag/semi-IPNHH was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The presence of silver and PVP in the network was confirmed by FTIR spectra. The results obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed good mechanical properties for all samples. The swelling studies of Ag/P(HEMA/IA)/PVP were conducted in the temperature range of 25-55• C, in the buffer of pH 7.40. The Ag/semi-IPNHH showed temperature-sensitive swelling properties, with the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) values in the physiologically interesting interval. The antimicrobial activity of the samples was tested using E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans pathogens. It was concluded that the antimicrobial potential depends on the hydrogel's composition and the type of microbes PACS: 36.20.Fz, 82.35.Jk, 81.05.Qk, 81.05.Lg, 61.25.hp, 61.25.hp, 81.70.Bt
In this study novel series of hydrogels, based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), itaconic acid (IA) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates (PEGDMA) (of varying molecular weight and concentration) were prepared by free radical crosslinking copolymerization. Preliminary hemocompatibility characterization of hydrogels obtained by hemolytic activity assay indicated good compatibility with blood. Preliminary biocompatibility characterization of P(HEMA/IA/PEGDMA) hydrogels, done by the cytotoxicity assays using the HeLa cell line revails that the cell viability of all samples was the range of 97−100%, with no significant decrease in cell viability with the change of PEGDMA molecular weight and concentration. Swelling studies were conducted for all P(HEMA/IA/PEGDMA) samples in a physiological pH and temperature range and network parameters were determined. Swelling studies showed pH sensitive behaviour, typical for anionic hydrogels, and temperature dependent swelling. The effects of concentration of PEGDMA component on hydrogel swelling properties depend on the PEGDMA molecular weight. The samples with 550PEGDMA show different swelling capacities when 550PEGDMA content is changed, whereas for P(HEMA/IA/875PEGDMA) samples there was practically no difference in equilibrium degree of swelling, qe ,with varying 875PEGDMA content, which trend is the same as in the case of qe versus pH dependences. It was concluded that P(HEMA/IA/PEGDMA) hydrogels show good potential to be used as biomedical materials
In this work new hybrid hydrogels were prepared by radical copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, itaconic acid, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and silver particles. FTIR spectroscopy has confirmed binding of silver particels in hydrogels. Swelling studies performed in in vitro conditions showed dependence on PVP content and temperature. It can be seen that the antimicrobial activity of the Ag/P(HEMA/IA)PVP hybrid hydrogels depends on the PVP moiety and with the increase of PVP content the microbial contamination is more efficiently reduced. The best sensitivity was obtained for the polymers tested for antimicrobial activity against the yeast C. albicans, one of the most commonly encountered human pathogens, causing a wide variety of infections ranging from mucosal infections in generally healthy persons to life-threatening systemic infections in individuals with impaired immunity. A slightly less susceptible to antimicrobial effect of hydrogels was obtained for the Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus, where the reduction of cells was about 70 % after two hours of exposure, for the sample with the highest PVP content. The least susceptible to the antimicrobial activity of hydrogels examined was the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, where the percent of cell reduction was below 20 %. Bearing in mind the influence of the time of exposure of microbes to the Ag/P(HEMA/IA)/PVP hybrid hydrogels, it was observed that the reduction of the number of cells depends on time, microbial culture and type of hybrid hydrogel sample. Due to their swelling and antimicrobial properties, silver/poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/itaconic acid)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) hybrid hydrogles show potential to use in the field of biomedicine, especially for treatment of skin and burns in dermocosmetics
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