Aflatoxin (AF) is one of the most significant mycotoxins in pigs and results in a significant decrease of production performance. This paper describes the first case of acute effects of AF in suckling piglets in Serbia. Within 7 days, 420 suckling piglets aged 20±3 days died on a farm. Forensic findings included a medical history, clinical presentation with pathomorphological and histopathological confirmation of intoxication of the piglets with AF. Detection of AF in sows' milk (870 µg/kg), which was the primary nutriment for the piglets, confirmed the suspicion of AF intoxication. The piglets at that age also consumed solid feed, which was found to be contaminated with AF (960 µg/ kg), and which accelerated the process of intoxication. After removal of the contaminated feed, the number of deaths began to reduce, as well as the clinical symptoms typical for AF. Keywords: Aflatoxin, Forensic finding, Intoxication, Piglet Aflatoksin Sindirilmesi Sonucu Akut Mortalite Şekillenen Domuz Yavrularında Adli Bulgular ÖzetAflatoksin (AF) domuzlarda rastlanan en önemli mikotoksinlerden biri olup üretim performansında önemli azalmalara sebebiyet verir. Bu vaka takdimi süt emme dönemindeki domuz yavrularında AF'nin akut ektilerini gösteren Sırbistan'daki ilk çalışmadır. Bir çiftlikte 7 günlük bir süreçte yaşları 20±3 gün arasında değişen 420 adet domuz eniği ölü bulundu. Anamnez, klinik bulgular, patomorfolojik ve histopatolojik bulgular AF toksikasyonunu şüphelendirdi. Temel besin kaynağı olarak annelerin sütünde AF belirlenmesi (870 µg/kg) AF toksikasyonunu teşhisini doğruladı. Katı yem de tüketen yavruların bu yemlerinde de AF belirlenmesi (960 µg/kg) toksikasyonun hızlı seyrini açıklar nitelikteydi. Kontamine yemin uzaklaştırılmasından sonra ölümlerde ve AF'nin tipik klinik bulgularında azalma tespit edildi.
The study was conducted on a commercial pig farm located in Serbia. Thirty Duroc or Landrace breed boars were randomly selected for this study. The experimental group was fed a compound feed with added organic selenium and Oxynat 3D. The antioxidant status parameters of boar seminal plasma were evaluated using a biochemical analyzer and commercial Randox kits. The sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) using flow cytometry (FC) provided information about spermatozoa’s DNA status. Additionally, the total number of motile spermatozoa and spermatozoa kinematic parameters were measured using the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. The aim of this study was to improve the parameters of semen by combining two preparations that have a potential antioxidant effect, but also to establish the level of various antioxidant enzymes in native sperm. There was no statistically significant difference in total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity in the seminal plasma obtained from the experimental and control groups of boars. Regarding the superoxide dismutase activity, the research results showed a difference in the control group compared to the experimental one. Moreover, spermatozoa DNA fragmentation and the total number of motile spermatozoa showed statistically significant lower and higher values, respectively, in experimental compared to the control groups. The combination of these two preparations shows significantly enhanced vital parameters of semen. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in which the ejaculate parameters were examined after the application of a combination of these two antioxidant supplements.
Lactation is physiological state of the organism and the final process of the female reproductive cycle. Milk in the first days after birth (colostrum), in addition to the necessary nutrients contains antibodies, with whose ingesting only a newborn individual receives passive immunity that protects it from various infections over time. Mammary gland dysfunction and a lack of breast milking is called agalactia. Due to the occurrence of agalactia in mother, newborn animal is denied of intake of colostrum in its body. Thus prevents ingestion of nutrients and passive immunity, which results in the occurrence of various diseases especially infectious etiology. This paper describes the treatment of agammaglobulinemia in foal after ascertaining the occurrence of primary agalactia in mare. There is described the possibility of substitution, ie. benefits of breast milk substitutes, and the procedure of diagnosis and treatment of carpal arthritis in foal.
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