Wide-angle coverage, fine angular resolution and low-power consumption are key characteristics of millimeterwave (mm-wave) short-range wireless systems, such as access points in fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks and automotive radars. In this paper, we present a 60-GHz switched-beam antenna system addressing all these requirements. It consists of two identical parallel-fed arrays of 8 slots, each fed by a passive pillbox beamformer. A switch network comprising four singlepole-multiple-throw (SPnT) switches excites one of the two arrays at a time and selects the radiated beam. The whole system is fully-integrated in a multilayer low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) module. The antenna covers a scan range of about ±39 • in one plane using eleven beams, between 57 GHz and 66 GHz. The proposed architecture enables the simultaneous achievement of continuous coverage (beam crossover levels of about-3 dB) and of low sidelobe levels (SLLs). Dedicated numerical tools are used for a preliminary design of the antenna. The design procedure, the technological development and the experimental results are discussed in detail. Index Terms-switched-beam antenna, millimeter-wave antennas, 5G, 60-GHz communications, low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC).
Three methods suitable for on-site window and wall penetration loss measurements are presented and compared. The methods are (i) outdoor-to-indoor channel measurement, (ii) far-field penetration loss measurement, and (iii) near-field penetration loss measurement. It is shown that the different methods give similar penetration loss results. The measured window exhibits bandstop characteristics due to the internal reflections in the periodic structure of the triple-layer window. The brick wall has penetration loss that increases as a function of the frequency.
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