ObjectiveAnatomic variations in the hepatic arteries were studied in donor livers that were used for orthotopic transplantation. Summary Background DataVariations have occurred in 25% to 75% of cases. Donor livers represent an appropriate model for study because extrahepatic arterial anatomy must be defined precisely to ensure complete arterialization of the graft at time of transplantation. MethodsRecords of 1000 patients who underwent liver harvesting for orthotopic transplantation between 1984 and 1993 were reviewed. ResultsArterial patterns in order of frequency included the normal Type 1 anatomy (n = 757), with the common hepatic artery arising from the celiac axis to form the gastroduodenal and proper hepatic arteries and the proper hepatic dividing distally into right and left branches; Type 3 (n = 106), with a replaced or accessory right hepatic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery; Type 2 (n = 97), with a replaced or accessory left hepatic artery arising from the left gastric artery; Type 4 (n = 23), with both right and left hepatic arteries arising from the superior mesenteric and left gastric arteries, respectively; Type 5 (n = 15), with the entire common hepatic artery arising as a branch of the superior mesenteric; and Type 6 (n = 2), with the common hepatic artery originating directly from the aorta. ConclusionsThese data are useful for the planning and conduct of surgical and radiological procedures of the upper abdomen, including laparoscopic operations of the biliary tract.Patterns of arterial blood supply to the liver are variable. Modifications of the dominant scheme, in which the liver receives its total inflow from the hepatic branch of the celiac axis, occur in 25% to 75%1 of cases. Under

For this select group of late-presenting alveolar cleft patients, the BMP-2 procedure resulted in improved bone healing and reduced morbidity compared with traditional iliac bone grafting.

Monobloc advancement by distraction osteogenesis had less morbidity and achieved greater advancement with less relapse compared with conventional methods of acute monobloc advancement with bone grafting. Monobloc distraction is superior to conventional methods of acute monobloc advancement and is an alternative to staged fronto-orbital advancement followed by Le Fort III advancement.