Mechanical musical instruments have a restricted timbre variability compared to electronic instruments. Overcoming this is the aim of extended playing techniques as well as building more sophisticated musical instruments in recent years. Metamaterials might be a way to extend timbre of mechanical instruments way beyond their present sound capabilities. To investigate such possibilities, a frame drum is manipulated to achieve different sounds. On the drum membrane of 40 cm diameter, a ring of masses is attached in three diameters, 8, 10, and 12 cm with 10 masses each, leading to a cloaking behaviour of vibrations from within the ring into the area outside the ring and vice versa, as shown by microphone-array and high-speed laser interferometry measurements. The resulting sounds have a band gap between about 300 and 400 Hz to about 700–800 Hz, depending on the ring diameter. The 8 cm diameter ring shows the strongest amplitude attenuation in the band gap. Still, when striking the membrane outside the ring, it sounds like a regular drum. This leads to a tremendously increased variability of musical articulations, especially when striking in the ring, as a band gap sound cannot be produced by a regular drum.
A synchronization experiment on two mutual interacting organ pipes is compared with a theoretical model which takes into account the coupling mechanisms by the underlying first principles of fluid mechanics and aeroacoustics. The focus is on the Arnold-tongue, a mathematical object in the parameter space of detuning and coupling strength which quantitatively captures the interaction of the synchronized sound sources. From the experiment, a nonlinearly shaped Arnold-tongue is obtained, describing the coupling of the synchronized pipe-pipe system. This is in contrast to the linear shaped Arnold-tongue found in a preliminary experiment of the coupled system pipe-loudspeaker. To understand the experimental result, a coarse-grained model of two nonlinear coupled self-sustained oscillators is developed. The model, integrated numerically, is in very good agreement with the synchronization experiment for separation distances of the pipes in the far field and in the intermediate field. The methods introduced open the door for a deeper understanding of the fundamental processes of sound generation and the coupling mechanisms on mutual interacting acoustic oscillators.
Wind-driven sound generation is a source of anger and pleasure, depending on the situation: airframe and car noise, or combustion noise are some of the most disturbing environmental pollutions, whereas musical instruments are sources of joy. We present an experiment on two coupled sound sources -organ pipes-together with a theoretical model which takes into account the underlying physics. Our focus is the Arnold tongue which quantitatively captures the interaction of the sound sources, we obtain very good agreement of model and experiment, the results are supported by very detailed CFD computations.
A general approach to analyzing audio files makes it possible to re-create the sound of ancient instruments, identify cross-cultural musical properties, and more.
The Turkish ney is an end-blown flute in which sound generation is generated as an interplay between the air jet caused by the player and the sound pressure inside the flute tube. Sound pressure measurements inside the instrument show considerable nonlinear behavior which are crucial for the operation of the instrument and its sound character. Numerical simulations of the dynamics of both the turbulent flow field and the sound field solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations, are performed. The transient process as well as the quasi steady-state operation mode of the instrument are performed. Varying the initial conditions of the blowing velocity as well as its attack time and shape result in the normal and in the overblown tones, which are characteristic of the instrument. Active elements like the turbulent air jet and rotating vortices around the labium as well as passive elements like the role of the mouthpiece and the resonator are discussed. A high agreement between numerical simulations and measurements is achieved.
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