Pars plana vitrectomy versus scleral buckling for repairing simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.

BackgroundTo study the epidemiology of ocular trauma requiring hospital admission in children under 18 years in age.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included pediatric patients with ocular injuries at the Ophthalmology Department of the Clinical Hospital Centre, Split, Croatia, from 2000 to 2015, classified according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology.ResultsThere were 353 children hospitalized, 82% of boys (mean age 11 years) and 18% of girls (mean age 10 years). The majority of traumas occurred in the outside environment (70%, n = 249), followed by occurrences at home (17%, n = 60), and at a school/nursery (8%, n = 28). Final visual acuity was 6/18 or better in 286 (96%) patients with closed globe injury and in 26 (49%) patients with open globe injury. Severe impairment of vision was found in 12 (4.4%) patients in the closed globe injury group and 26 (49%) patients in the open globe injury group. A statistically significant difference was found between final visual acuity and initial visual acuity in all patients (χ2 = 12.8; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe majority of pediatric eye injuries are happening in the outside environment and are preventable. Implementation of well–established safety precautions would greatly reduce this source of visual disability in children.

IntroductionPterygium is a non-cancerous growth of the conjunctival tissue over the cornea that may lead to visual impairment in advanced stages, restriction of ocular motility, chronic inflammation and cosmetic concerns. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice, but recurrence of pterygium is a frequent problem. It has been previously shown that fibrin glue may result in less recurrence and may take less time than sutures for fixing the conjunctival graft in place during pterygium surgery. However, fibrin glue is a biological material and it carries the risk of transmitting infectious agents from pooled and single-donor blood donors and anaphylaxis in susceptible individuals. Cauterisation is another surgical option, and it would be advantageous to know whether cauterisation may be superior surgical option compared with fibrin glue. This protocol describes the rationale and design of the randomised controlled trial (RCT) in which we will compare cauterisation versus fibrin glue for conjunctival autografting in primary pterygium surgery.Methods and analysesThis will be a parallel group RCT comparing cauterisation versus fibrin glue for conjunctival autografting in primary pterygium surgery. Computer-generated randomisation will be used, and allocation concealment will be conducted using sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes. Surgeons will not be blinded to the procedures, but participants, other investigators and outcome assessors will be blinded. Adult participants with primary pterygium operated in a tertiary hospital in Split, Croatia, will be included. Primary outcome will be recurrence of pterygium, defined as any regrowth of tissue from the area of excision across the limbus onto the cornea after 180 days.Ethics and disseminationThe trial was approved by the ethics review board of the University Hospital Split (500-03/17-01/68). Results will be disseminated at conferences and through peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT03321201; Pre-results.

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The expression pattern of the markers p19, Ki-67, MSX1, MSX2, PDL1, pRB, and CYCLINA2 was quantitatively and semiquantitatively analyzed in histologic sections of the developing and postnatal human eye at week 8, in retinoblastoma, and in various uveal melanomas post hoc studies by double immunofluorescence. The p19 immunoreactivity characterized retinal and/or choroidal cells in healthy and tumor tissues: expression was lower in the postnatal retina than in the developing retina and retinoblastoma, whereas it was high in epithelioid melanomas. Ki67 expression was high in the developing eye, retinoblastoma, and choroidal melanomas. MSX1 and MSX2 expression was similar in the developing eye and retinoblastoma, whereas it was absent in the postnatal eye. Their different expression was evident between epithelioid and myxoid melanomas. Similarly, PDL1 was absent in epithelioid melanomas, whereas it was highly expressed in developing and tumor tissues. Expression of pRB and CYCA2 was characteristic of developing and tumorous eye samples but not of the healthy postnatal eye. The observed expression differences of the analyzed markers correlate with the origin and stage of cell differentiation of the tissue samples. The fine balance of expression could play a role in both human eye development and ocular tumorigenesis. Therefore, understanding their relationship and interplay could open new avenues for potential therapeutic interventions and a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the developmental plasticity of the eye and the development of neoplasms.