Abstract. The function of microsatellite instability (MSI) and the optimal panel of markers for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are not well established. This study aimed to use the National Cancer Institute (NCI) markers BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250 to evaluate MSI in patients with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, compared with ovarian serous cystadenoma and normal ovaries. A total of 37 patients were divided into three groups, as follows: cystadenocarcinoma (n=13), cystadenoma (n=10) and normal ovaries (n=14). DNA was extracted with TRIzol and quantified by spectrophotometry. MSI was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and classified as high (MSI-H), low (MSI-L) or stable (MSS). FIGO staging was I/II in 23.1% and III/IV in 76.9% of the cystadenocarcinoma group. Polymorphisms were found using at least one marker in 32 women, and were observed with D2S123 (83.7%), D17S250 (81.1%), D5S346 (72.9%), BAT25 (21.6%) and BAT26 (16.2%) markers. In the cystadenocarcinoma group, BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250 markers were positive in 30.8, 76.9, 53.8, 69.2 and 69.2% of patients, respectively. The same markers were positive in 30, 50, 40, 60 and 30% of the cystadenoma group, and 50, 71.4, 71.4, 64.3 and 63.3% in the normal ovary group, respectively. MSI-H was present in 84.6, 60 and 78.6% of the cystadenocarcinoma, cystadenoma and normal patients, respectively. MSI-L was detected in 0, 30 and 7.1%, and MSS was identified in 15.4, 10 and 14.3% of the cystadenocarcinoma, cystadenoma and normal patients, respectively. The frequency of MSI in both benign epithelial ovarian neoplasms and in normal ovaries was high, as well as in EOC, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. This suggests that MSI may arise as a consequence of the ovulatory process, and not solely as a feature of malignant ovarian tumors. IntroductionEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a high mortality rate (1); it is the leading cause of death among gynecological tumors, and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in the United States (2). Due its nonspecific symptoms and lack of effective screening methods (3), approximately two-thirds of cases are diagnosed in stages III and IV, with a five-year survival rate of 10-20% (4,5). Approximately 90% of ovarian tumors originate from epithelial cells (6,7). The mortality rate has not changed in the last two decades (8).A group of enzymes known as the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system is responsible for repairing mutations. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is the third leading cause of hereditary ovarian cancer, and is caused by mutations in genes of the MMR system. One of the consequences of deficient MMR is microsatellite instability (9), which carries somatic mutations in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, apoptosis and detoxification genes, and is involved in both the initiation and progression of tumors (10).HNPCC has been studied using a panel of five National Cancer Institute (NCI) markers, which includes two mono...

This study provides in vitro evidence of inhibitory effects of growth in therapeutic concentrations of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on TOV-21 G cells. Additionally, TOV-21 G cells presented a reduced expression of the ABCA1, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCD3, ABCD4 and ABCE1 transporters.

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Primary EOC is associated with lower TRAIL-R2 and BCL2 expression levels, while metastatic EOC is associated with higher expression of these genes. Promoter DNA methylation was not related to this finding, suggesting there are other mechanisms involved in transcriptional control.

COVID-19 is a new coronavirus respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, first described in China in December 2019 and since March 2020 has been affecting the whole world. The principal mode of transmission is through exposure to respiratory droplets carrying infectious virus. Contact with contaminated surfaces or objects (fomites) is also possible, although the risk is generally considered low. However, the widespread community viral transmission makes it difficult to experimentally demonstrate human contagion via fomites. As human coronaviruses can be found on inanimate surfaces for hours up to days (depending on the inoculum shed), in materials as metal, glass or plastic, waste management can pose a problem in the context of the spread of the disease. Thus, the main objective of this work was to discuss the influence of poor waste management for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on the first reported cases in 853 cities. Therefore, different variables related to socioeconomic data, waste management services, and number of COVID-19 confirmed cases were correlated and discussed. Overall, the associations found in this study in relation to reported cases and poor waste management raise the need for attention to this issue, which is still little explored despite being potentially aggravating for numerous diseases.