This study confirms the evidence of publication bias found in other studies and identifies delay in publication as an additional important factor. The study results support the need for prospective registration of trials to avoid publication bias and also support restricting the selection of trials to those started before a common date in undertaking systematic reviews.

The present study strongly suggests that an antibody to TGF-beta is a promising agent to prevent renal tubular fibrosis and apoptosis in UUO.

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