The transorbital approach to the maxillary nerve block described here presents a viable alternative to the traditional percutaneous approach. Further study is required to confirm its efficacy and safety under clinical conditions.
A 25-week-old, male entire, Briard was referred following acute-onset vomiting of 72 hours’ duration. Radiographic and endoscopic investigation revealed a suspected gastro-oesophageal intussusception (GEI). The intussusception was surgically reduced and a left-sided gastropexy and oesodiaphragmatopexy was performed. The patient survived to discharge despite aspiration pneumonia and megaoesophagus, and 12 months following surgery was doing well with only minor regurgitation. GEI is a rare condition with a guarded prognosis, but successful outcomes are possible. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first report of GEI in a Briard.
Background: One hundred seventy‐eight dogs with cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) were evaluated to further the understanding of the natural course of CRGV. CRGV, a form of thrombotic microangiopathy, can cause skin lesions and potentially acute kidney injury (AKI) with a high mortality rate.
Methods: Cases were submitted from multiple practices from 2012 until June 2019. Clinical histories and laboratory data were reviewed to describe the features of CRGV.
Results: Most cases (91%) occurred between November and May. Fifteen dogs (8.4%) with CRGV were in contact with another dog that developed skin lesions +/– AKI. Limb lesions were present on 144 dogs (80.9%) at presentation. Median time from appearance of a lesion to AKI was 3 days (range –4–45 days). Neurological signs occurred in 33 dogs (18.6%) including at presentation in 2 (1.1%). Systemic signs were present in 13 dogs prior to a skin lesion (7.3%). Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were prescribed prior to AKI identification in 92 of 170 dogs (54.1%). Thrombocytopenia was present in 115 of 137 (83.9%) of dogs.
Conclusion: The timeframe over which AKI may develop is longer than previously reported, neurological signs can be identified at presentation or during hospitalisation, and thrombocytopenia is even more common than previously reported.
A 12-week-old, crossbreed, male entire dog was evaluated for a three-week history of lethargy, nausea, anorexia, haemorrhagic diarrhoea and free abdominal fluid. Abdominal ultrasound revealed multiple cavitated hepatic masses, abdominal lymphadenopathy and marked abdominal effusion. Fine needle aspiration and culture of the hepatic lesions and lymph nodes identified hepatic abscessation and pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis, with a heavy growth of Escherichia coli. Intravenous fluid therapy and antimicrobial therapy were initiated. Persistent hypotension and hypoglycaemia during hospitalisation, despite intensive treatment, were suggestive of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Due to patient morbidity and poor response to treatment, euthanasia was performed.
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