Silver nanoparticles/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/Nafion modified glassy carbon electrodes (AgNPs/MWCNTs/Nafion-GCE) were fabricated and were used as working electrode in anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) for trace level determination of lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+). The fabricated electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The amounts of the electrode modifiers and the ASV parameters were optimized. It was found that the electrode modified with 1 mg AgNPs and 2 mg MWCNTs exhibited the best analytical response towards the determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+. The optimized ASV parameters were 60 s for the deposition time, 90 s for the accumulation time, and 100 mV/s for the scan rate. The electrode exhibited linearity from 0.493 ppb to 157.2 ppb for Pb2+ and 1.864 ppb to 155.1 ppb for Cd2+. The limit of detection was found to be 0.216 ppb for Pb2+ and 0.481 ppb for Cd2+. Real sampling analysis was carried out using organic vegetables from Sitio San Ysiro, Antipolo and Daraitan, Rizal and commercially available vegetables from Divisoria, all in Luzon, Philippines. Trace amounts of lead, cadmium, and copper were detected in the samples. Unwashed vegetables contained more heavy metal concentration compared to the washed vegetables. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was performed to validate the presence of the heavy metals in the vegetables.
It is tragic and ironic, as we speak of the pandemic of physical inactivity, that we already know the cure for physical inactivity, the 4 th leading risk factor for mortality costing billions of dollars in medically related costs and losses in productivity. The solution is simple. People must move more often. And of exceptional relevance, physical activity can prevent diseases which increase the population's susceptibility to the new coronavirus pandemic, CO-VID-19. Creating innovative programs which encourage movement is a beginning, but these programs must be sustainable and accessible to a country's vulnerable populations. 3 WINS Fitness is a free scalable and innovative community-based exercise program serving over 300 participants requiring no external funding for daily operations due to its implementation by university kinesiology students. If we apply our knowledge and work together in significant collaborations, millions of lives can be saved. Population physical activity has not increased since the late 1990's. We must take a fresh look at identifying new or unique collaboratives and re-inventing current systems. At the core is the education system of university kinesiology/exercise science programs, teaching students the complete landscape of what is required for increases in population physical activity. The Call to Action (CTA) is kinesiology/exercise science departments around the world vigorously taking on the challenge and owning the responsibility for increasing population physical activity. The students of today can control the health destiny of millions of people around the world. The first steps to these departments taking the lead must begin today.
Background: The 3 WINS Fitness is a free exercise program delivered by kinesiology students to underserved communities without external funding since 2011. The program’s wins focus on reducing health inequities, increasing community health, and student professional development. The objective of this study was to conduct a qualitative evaluation of the program’s value for the participant, community, and student-instructors. Methods: We conducted 9 online focus groups (n = 51), categorized by participant role and timeline in 3 WINS: participants (4 groups), student-instructors (3 groups), and combined participants and student-instructors (2 groups). Data collection for this remote qualitative study of the 3 WINS program occurred May to June 2021. The data were analyzed to determine codes and emerging themes. Results: Three main themes are presented: asset, health, and social connection. The asset theme was subdivided into subthemes: (1) professional asset for the student-instructor, (2) program asset for the student-instructor, (3) program asset to the community, and (4) program asset for the participant. The health theme was subdivided into (1) community and (2) personal health subthemes. The social connection theme was defined in any combination, as camaraderie, friendship, connections, community, and family. Conclusion: The program improves the individual participant’s health and through role modeling for their family and friends, encourages others to follow their example thus providing a positive influence on overall community health. Concomitantly, student-instructors are developing into well-trained professionals. The 3 WINS as a student-led sustainable and replicable model can address the existing call from public health to reduce physical activity health-related diseases and inequities.
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