This paper demonstrates the development of a fluidic pump, magnetically actuated by a ferrofluid through a circular channel. The pump has a rotary design with a tangential input and output. It is designed to house a magnet to create a ferrofluid plug in one place between the inlet and outlet. There are two magnets outside of the housing attached to a rotating apparatus that move the ferrofluid around. The ferrofluid then moves around the channel, taking in and moving water through the channel towards the outlet. The pump was fabricated using a 3D printing technique. The pump was tested at three different configurations at a zero back pressure including single small moving magnet, double small moving magnet and single large moving magnet. The volumetric flow rate was measured at different rotational speeds from 9.375 rpm to 25 rpm. The highest average flow rate measured was 0.8 ml/min at 25 rpm with a single large magnet. This pump can be used for a circuit board cooling device; the pump would deliver a coolant through miniature tubes to cool the system.
Patients admitted with a cervical fracture are twice as likely to die within 30 days of injury than those with a hip fracture. However, guidelines for the management of cervical fractures are less available than for hip fractures. We hypothesise that outcomes may differ between these types of fractures. We analysed 1359 patients (406 men, 953 women) with mean age of 83.8 years (standard deviation = 8.7) admitted to a National Health Service hospital in 2013–2019 with a cervical (7.5%) or hip fracture (92.5%) of similar age. The association of cervical fracture (hip fracture as reference), hospital length of stay (LOS), co-morbidities, age and sex with outcomes (acute delirium, new pressure ulcer, and discharge to residential/nursing care) was assessed by stepwise multivariate logistic regression. Acute delirium without history of dementia was increased with cervical fractures: odds ratio (OR) = 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3–4.7, age ≥ 80 years: OR = 3.5 (95% CI = 1.9–6.4), history of stroke: OR = 1.8 (95% CI = 1.0–3.1) and ischaemic heart disease: OR = 1.9 (95% CI = 1.1–3.6); pressure ulcers was increased with cervical fractures: OR = 10.9 (95% CI = 5.3–22.7), LOS of 2–3 weeks: OR = 3.0 (95% CI = 1.2–7.5) and LOS of ≥ 3 weeks: OR = 4.9, 95% CI = 2.2–11.0; and discharge to residential/nursing care was increased with cervical fractures: OR = 3.2 (95% CI = 1.4–7.0), LOS of ≥ 3 weeks: OR = 4.4 (95% CI = 2.5–7.6), dementia: OR = 2.7 (95% CI = 1.6–4.7), Parkinson’s disease: OR = 3.4 (95% CI = 1.3–8.8), and age ≥ 80 years: OR = 2.7 (95% CI = 1.3–5.6). In conclusion, compared with hip fracture, cervical fracture is more likely to associate with acute delirium and pressure ulcers, and for discharge to residency of high level of care, independent of established risk factors.
Although rubber was first chlorinated in 1846 to improve its aging properties (Parks, British patent 11,147), it was not until 1888 that a product containing 65.18 per cent of chlorine was isolated and the formula C10H13Cl7 given by Gladstone and Hibbert. Nearly thirty years later the United Alkali Company marketed a solution of chlorinated rubber, Duroprene, made under the Peachey patents, and for ten years this remained the only chlorinated rubber on the market. During the past ten years interest in this material has rapidly developed, as shown by the numerous brands at present available, namely: Alloprene (I. C. I.) ; Tornesit (New York Hamburger Gummiwaaren Compagnie, later Chemische Fabrik Buckau); Tegofan (Tegofan Gesellschaft, later Chemische Fabrik Buckau); Pergut (I. G. Farbenindustrie) ; Detel (Detel Products) ; Aizen (Hadogaya Soda K. K., Japan); Nippon (Nippon Soda K. K., Japan) ; Protex (Soc. Ellettrica ed Elettrochimica del Caffaro, Italy); and Dartex (Metallgesellschaft A.-G.). The patent literature indicates that interest in chlorinated rubber is also taken by Russia, France, Austria, and Jugoslavia.
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