The EOS image acquisition and reconstruction software provides accurate 3D spinal representations of scoliotic spinal deformities. The results of this study provide spinal deformity surgeons evidence pertaining to this new upright 3D imaging technology that may aid in the clinical diagnosis and decision making for patients with scoliosis.

Consider a capitellar starting point for the more distally placed pin in supracondylar humerus fractures, and if the patient's size allows, a larger pin construct will provide improved stiffness with regard to rotational stresses.

Background Increased attention is being placed on hip preservation surgery in the early adolescent. An understanding of three-dimensional (3-D) acetabular development as children approach maturity is essential. Changes in acetabular orientation and cartilage topography have not previously been quantified as the adolescent acetabulum completes development. Questions/purposes We used a novel 3-D CT analysis of acetabular development in children and adolescents to determine (1) if there were sex-specific differences in the growth rate or surface area of the acetabular articular cartilage; (2) if there were sex-specific differences in acetabular version or tilt; and (3) whether the amount of version and tilt present correlated with acetabular coverage. Methods We assessed acetabular morphology in 157 patients (314 hips); 71 patients were male and 86 were female. Patient ages ranged from 8 years to 17 years. A 3-D surface reconstruction of each pelvis was created from CT data using MIMICs software. Custom MATLAB software was used to obtain data from the 3-D reconstructions. We calculated articular surface area, acetabular version, and acetabular tilt as well as novel measurements of acetabular morphology, which we termed ''coverage angles.'' These were measured in a radial fashion in all regions of the acetabulum. Data were organized into three age groups: 8 to 10 years old, 10 to 13 years old, and 13 to 17 years old. Results Male patients had less acetabular anteversion in all three age groups, including at maturity (7°versus 13°, p \ 0.001; 10°versus 17°, p \ 0.001; 14°versus 20°, p \ 0.001). Males had less acetabular tilt in all three age groups (32°versus 34°, p = 0.03; 34°versus 38°, p \ 0.001; 39°versus 41°, p = 0.023). Increases in anteversion correlated with increased posterior coverage angles (r = 0.805; p \ 0.001). Increases in tilt were correlated with increases in superior coverage angles (r = 0.797; p \ 0.001). The posterosuperior regions of the acetabulum were the last to develop and this process occurred earlier in females compared with males.

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BR 3D reconstructions accurately and reliably provide clinical data on femoral version compared to CT even with rotation of the patient of up to 10° from neutral.

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This model uses an adolescent patient's PI to predict the normal sagittal alignment that best matches that patient's native sagittal curve. The model was validated on patients with no spinal deformity; average difference between actual sagittal positions of each vertebra and those predicted by the model was less than 5 mm at each vertebral level. This model may be useful in adolescent scoliotic patients with altered sagittal alignment to determine the magnitude of 3D deformity (compared with predicted normal values) and the completeness of 3D correction.