The ethnobotanical study carried out at Madingou (4°16' S, 13°33' E) focuses on medicinal plants of the savannah zone. The survey used personal interviews and focus groups. Informants consisted of the inhabitants, whose age varies from 18 to 60 years or more. A total of 80 plant species were cited in the traditional pharmacopoeia. These plants are used in 66 recipes for treating 43 different diseases and symptoms, grouped in 11 major affiliations following the disease and symptoms sphere. Infectious and parasitic diseases is the most important group (23.25%), followed by the ill-defined symptoms and signs (13.95%) and the digestive system (11.63%). Five modes of administration were noted. The most preferred being the oral voice (38.75%). Among the 7 types of plant parts cited, leaves (65%) are preponderant. 8 modes of preparation were cited, the decoction (23.75%) being the most common. Of the 80 species listed, Allium sativum, Persea americana, Solanum nigrum, are among the medicinal plants most commonly used in Africa. Of the remaining species, 9 have been the subject of phytochemical studies all over the world. Ethnobotanical data show that a number of taxa, the medicinal properties of which are proved elsewhere, exist in the region and are not exploited, such as Millettia laurentii. Several species inventoried cover more than one aspect of indigenous knowledge, they are referred to as multipurpose plants and therefore the most vulnerable of the anthropic influences.Keywords: Madingou; ethnobotany; diseases; recipes; symptoms; traditional uses; phytotherapicEuropean Scientific Journal January 2018 edition Vol.14, No.3 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857-7431 192 RésuméL'étude ethnobotanique menée à Madingou (4° 16' S ; 13° 33' E), porte sur la pharmacopée traditionnelle des peuples de savanes. L'enquête se focalise sur les interviews personnalisées et les « focus group ». En l'absence de tradithérapeutes professionnels, nous nous contentons des savoirs endogènes propres aux habitants, dont l'âge varie de 18 à 60 ans voire plus. L'inventaire floristique ressort 80 espèces associées à la pharmacopée traditionnelle. L'aspect phytothérapeutique regroupe 66 recettes pour 43 maladies et symptômes divers. Suivant la sphère de la maladie et des symptômes, 11 grandes affiliations sont relevées. Cette classification montre une dominance des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (23,25%) devant les symptômes et signes mal définis (13,95%) et les maladies de l'appareil digestif (11,63%). Cinq modes d'administration ont été relevés. La voie per os (63%) est le plus prôné. On compte, 9 types organes utilisés pour la préparation des recettes. Les feuilles (65%) sont les organes les plus prépondérantes. Un total de 8 modes de préparations a été recensé. La décoction (47,5%) est le mode de préparation le plus utilisé Des 80 espèces recensées, Allium sativum, Persea americana, Solanum nigrum, figurent parmi les plantes les plus usitées en Afrique. Neuf espèces ont fait l'objet d'études phytochimiques de par le monde....
Article InfoThe background of this survey is the management of the urban arboreal diversity in Brazzaville and its link to the endogenous knowledge of the populations. It focuses on the traditional pharmacopeia and the ecological advantages of the urban forestry. The ethnobotanic inventory, based on the anthropogenic sampling of the organs revealed 7 species of which 86%arealloctonous. The phytogeographic data showed that 57% among them come from Asia, and only 43% from central Africa dense forests. On the traditional pharmacopeia aspect, it appears that the taxa intervene in about thirty illnesses and symptoms. According to Africa WHO classification, 11 fields of illnesses and symptoms out of 17 are covered by this survey. Infectious and parasitic illnesses are those that have a very high rate of prevalence. A look on the origins of the aforesaid taxa shows that, there is an appropriation or even an acquisition of new knowledge about phytotherapies. Despite the beneficial effect of these plants, they are always managed like trees of avenue and public gardens. There is no protective and/or back-up measure taken in spite of the senescence that affects them and the uncontrolled harvest of their organs such as roots and barks. The traditherapists needs satisfaction create wide empty areas, and the most important of which are noticed on Peltophorum pterocarpum with 3.15 ± 0.14 m 2 /tree whereas the average dbh is of 0.55 ± 0.03 m. This way of taking organs sample weakens the individuals while disrupting their metabolic functions and leading some malformations simultaneously as the brooms of witches; without forgetting the exhibition of the internal tissues to the cryptogamic germs and to the borers insects.
Background:The rainforest is a source of particularly diversified natural goods and services, satisfying at least 80% of the population's needs. Notwithstanding the intimate link between population and biodiversity, anthropogenic pressure and its corollaries, such as global climate change, have led to a specific and genetic erosion of about 30% over the last three decades. The major causes of these are, in the case of the Congo, anarchic urbanization, construction of physical communication infrastructures without an environmental and social impact assessment; and unbridled collection of medicinal plants for commercial purposes. The loss of biodiversity is a clear sign of unsustainable use of natural resources, which the traditional societies depends on for their livelihoods.Methods: Our study conducted at Mvouandzi, subprefecture of Kayes (Congo), is based on the ethnobotanical knowledge survey and floristic inventory. The informants, aged between 15 and 50 years or more comprised 25 men and 43 women who possess plant secrets. Prior to fieldwork, we reviewed existing literature that provided information on the status of inventoried species, their phytogeographic distribution, and known uses within their range. The ethnobotanical knowledge survey took place in two phases, namely: work with focus groups and conducting personalized interviews with the informants; and the collection of samples coupled, when possible, to the participatory approach.Results: The floristic inventory lists 81 useful species, corresponding to 72 genera and 43 families. Some species are multi-purpose, and 26 of the 60 medicinal plants inventoried are specifically associated with the traditional pharmacopoeia. 36 species are multi-purpose and the others 15 intervene specially in food, 26 in phytotherapy, and 5 in handicrafts. The high values of the ethnobotanical indices (the ethnobotanical use value (VU), the informant consensus factor (CFI), and the level of fidelity (NF)) show a strong involvement of these taxa in the daily life of this traditional society. Sociological analysis reveals that the level of ethnobotanical knowledge is proportional to the subjects' age and in this matter, women excel in the exploitation of empirical knowledge. Conclusions:The Kouni community possesses a sophisticated ethnobotanical knowledge, which is a fundamental part of socio-cultural base of the Kouni community and an important cultural asset of Congolese nation. However, the Kouni community is shrinking due to rural exodus. Therefore, documenting the existing traditional knowledge is the first priority to preserve the Kouni cultural diversity.
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