Modern lifestyles do influence Malaysian occupants to work long hours in a day in order to cope with large workloads and to meet a deadline. Majority of the occupants are overstressed, faced with negative emotions that lead to an unhealthy lifestyle. Studies show that nature is able to enhance human well-being by reconnecting human with natural elements in a built environment, which is known as biophilic design. Therefore, this study aims to create a biophilic design guideline to enhance occupants' well-being in heritage adaptive reuse indoor co-working space. This study is conducted in the Heritage World Site (WHS) in George Town, Penang. Mixed method research design was used to collect data from the site. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using the triangulation method to validate the overall data and research by cross verifying the information from multiple methods to gather the data. The results proved that the existing biophilic design patterns do enhance co-workers' emotional well-being significantly and it can be used as design guideline. In addition, this study also investigated different ways of biophilic design patterns application which can affect the quality of biophilic experiences.
The kaki lima or five-foot way is one of the strong architectural characters to shape the identity of George Town World Heritage Site (WHS) heritage shophouses. It is a constantly passageway that links the heritage shophouses frontage to shelter users from hot humid tropical climate. However, it is undeniable that aggressive development to fulfil the demand of modern lifestyles have caused kaki lima to be obstructed by man-made structures. It has lost its original uniqueness and functionality. Recent researches on biophilic design stating that this feature can enhance human well-being and support social cohesion by applying plants into built-up environment. This paper is to analyse the biophilic design patterns and types of plant application in kaki lima that can be used to revive a liveable space for the city and the country. Observation and documentation of the kaki lima was conducted on several shophouses in core zone of George Town, Penang to analyse the biophilic design patterns and type of plants most applicability and suitability. The results of the studies come to surmise that biophilic design patterns and plants are the crucial elements to rebuild a liveable kaki lima in World Heritage Site (WHS).
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