Metal artifacts in CT negatively impact the evaluation of surgical implants and the surrounding tissues. The aim of this prospective experimental study was to evaluate the ability of a single energy metal artifact reduction (SEMAR™, Canon) algorithm and virtual monoenergetic (VM) dual-energy CT (DECT) scanning techniques to reduce metal artifacts from stainless steel screws surgically inserted into the equine proximal phalanx. Seven acquisitions of 18 cadaver limbs were performed on a Canon Aquilion
BackgroundForelimb extensor tendon rupture (ETR) in foals is sparsely documented.ObjectivesTo describe clinical and imaging findings, treatment details, and long‐term outcome in foals with ETR.Study designMulticentre retrospective case‐series.MethodsClinical record review of foals with ETR, presented to Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Ghent University (Belgium), the Clinic for Horses at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (Germany), and Rossdales Equine Hospital (UK) between 2009–2021. Long‐term outcome based on structured telephone interview with the owner at the university hospitals and on future ratings from a public racing results archive at Rossdales Equine Hospital.ResultsEight foals (28%; 95%CI: 11.7%–44.3%) presented with ETR only, whereas 21 foals (72%; 95%CI: 55.7%–88.3%) presented with ETR and concurrent flexural limb deformity foals with ETR only were older (median 20 days; Interquartile range [IQR] 13–22) than foals with ETR and flexural limb deformity (median five days; IQR 3–11; p = 0.001). Treatment included medical support, immobilization, and box rest. Hospitalisation time was longer for foals with ETR and flexural limb deformity (median 26 days; IQR 16–44) than for ETR‐only foals (median 11 days; IQR 6–16; p = 0.03). Total rehabilitation time was longer for foals with ETR and flexural limb deformity (median 58 days; IQR 42–91) than for foals without flexural limb deformity (median 32 days; IQR 12–39; p = 0.03). Six foals (21%; 95%CI: 6.3%–35.7%) were euthanased within seven months: three because of problems with limb protraction and progressive flexural limb deformity. Long‐term follow‐up (>18 months) was available for two cases with ETR only, and seven cases with ETR and flexural limb deformity. Both ETR‐only foals had a positive cosmetic outcome but only one a positive functional outcome. Foals with ETR and concurrent flexural limb deformity suffered limitations regarding cosmetic appearance (5/7 negative) and limb function (7/7 negative).Main limitationsSmall sample size, retrospective study, and no clinical follow‐up.ConclusionsETR is a rare condition in this sample of foals treated under hospital conditions often requiring prolonged care, especially with concurrent flexural limb deformity. Further research should investigate potential associations with future athletic performance.
BackgroundAlpacas are being more frequently presented to veterinarians in the UK. It is important to validate whether published normal ocular parameters are consistent with the alpaca population in the UK.MethodsOphthalmic examinations were performed on healthy alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from three farms in East Anglia, UK.ResultsOn direct ophthalmoscopy of 35 alpacas, there was a 50 per cent prevalence of opacities within the lens in alpacas older than two years old (n=8/16). There was a 36.8 per cent prevalence of persistent hyaloid arteries in alpacas under two years old (n=7/19). The mean Schirmer tear test-1 value was 20.0 ±6 mm/minute (n=40). The mean intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry was 17.2 ±5.5 mmHg (n=46), and applanation tonometry resulted in statistically similar values (P=0.30; n=25). There was a significant variation in intraocular pressure throughout a 24-hour period (n=8). Fluorescein dye was not detected at the nostrils of any of the alpacas which underwent a Jones test to assess nasolacrimal duct patency (n=8).ConclusionThe ophthalmic findings appear largely consistent with previously published values from North America and continental Europe. Variations include the large range of measurements obtained and evidence of diurnal variation in intraocular pressure.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.