Highlights
Negative pressure isolation space is an effective method to meet needed surge capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics
Planning for how and where to rapidly create a negative pressure isolation space is needed in congregate living areas such as skilled nursing facilities
This demonstration shows the feasibility of using low-cost and in-house systems to quickly create negative pressure within a skilled nursing facility hallway and to maintain these conditions, minimizing disease transmission between residents and staff
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) pandemic has ushered an unforeseen level of global health and economic burden. As a respiratory infection, Covid-19 is known to have a dominant airborne transmission modality, wherein fluid flow plays a central role. Quantification of complex non-intuitive dynamics and transport of pathogen laden respiratory particles in indoor flows has been of specific interest. Here we present a Lagrangian computational approach towards quantification of human-to-human exposure quantifiers, and identification of pathways by which flow organizes transmission. We develop a Lagrangian viral exposure index in a parametric form, accounting for key parameters such as building and layout, ventilation, occupancy, biological variables. We also employ a Lagrangian computation of the Finite Time Lyapunov Exponent field to identify hidden patterns of transport. A systematic parametric study comprising a set of 120 simulations, yielding a total of 1,320 different exposure index computations are presented. Results from these simulations enable: (a) understanding the otherwise hidden ways in which air flow organizes the long-range transport of such particles; and (b) translating the micro-particle transport data into a quantifier for understanding infection exposure risks.
Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) exert a great in uence on global activities. ITC has affected the structure of governments, economies, cultures, and even human health. Another area in which ICT has had a tremendous impact is within the developing world and nations where women face repression and fewer opportunities. Overcoming Gender Inequalities through Technology Integration is a critical source for understanding the role of technology adoption within female empowerment and equality in developing nations and beyond. This publication examines the strategies applicable to the use of technology in the purist of societal recognition of women in addition to the trajectory and visibility of women in developing as well as developed countries in which they have access to ICTs.
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