For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment-visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/.Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. The authors thank James Cannia (formerly USGS) and Dennis Strauch (Pathfinder Irrigation District) for assistance with identifying potential intentional recharge sites. The authors thank M. Fienen (USGS) for assistance with parameter estimation and R. Niswonger (USGS) for assistance with the Newton-Rhapson solver. The authors also thank P. Jones and P. Barlow (USGS) for constructive reviews of earlier versions of this report and P. Barlow for assistance with application of the Groundwater-Management Process. DatumsVertical coordinate information is referenced to North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum, sea level. Simulation of Groundwater Flow and Analysis of the AbstractThe North Platte Natural Resources District (NPNRD) has been actively collecting data and studying groundwater resources because of concerns about the future availability of the highly inter-connected surface-water and ground water resources. This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District, describes a groundwater-flow model of the North Platte River valley from Bridgeport, Nebraska, extending west to 6 miles into Wyoming. The model was built to improve the understanding of the interaction of surface-water and groundwater resources, and as an optimization tool, the model is able to analyze the effects of water-management options on the simulated stream base flow of the North Platte River. The groundwater system and related sources and sinks of water were simulated using a newton formulation of the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional groundwater model, referred to as MODFLOW-NWT, which provided an improved ability to solve nonlinear unconfined aquifer simulations with wetting and drying of cells. Using previously published aquifer-base-altitude contours in conjunction with newer test-hole and geophysical data, a new base-of-aquifer altitude map was generated because of the strong effect of the aquifer-base topography on groundwater-flow direction and magnitude. The largest inflow to groundwater is recharge originating from water leaking from canals, which is much larger than recharge originating from infiltration of pr...
A multiple-beam interferometer that permits evaluation of autostigmatic systems is described. A small reference sphere is compared with a spherical wavefront in a manner analogous to the comparison of a plane wavefront with the reference flat in a Fizeau interferometer. To prevent walk-off of the fringes, a field lens is used at the center of curvature of the reference sphere. The instrument described has been used for evaluating spherical mirrors, concentric windows, and lenses.
The streamflow and water-surface elevation data from the two stations are useful to water-resource managers and planners in support of forecasting and water-resource infrastructure operations and are used in regional hydrologic studies. The Double Mountain Fork Brazos station has a 1,466 square mile watershed but a contributing drainage area of only 244 square miles. This station is currently (2012) the most upstream continuous record streamflow station in the greater Brazos River basin of Texas. The station is upstream from Lake Alan Henry, and as a result, the Double Mountain Fork Brazos station also provides reservoir inflow data (streamflow, in cubic feet per second). The Lake Alan Henry station provides water-surface elevation of the reservoir, which has a 1,617 square mile watershed but a contributing drainage area of only 395 square miles. Figure 1 shows the locations of Lake Alan Henry, the Lake Alan Henry station, and the Double Mountain Fork Brazos station. The Double Mountain Fork Brazos River and Sand Creek are principal tributaries for the lake. This fact sheet highlights some of the data and ancillary information collected by the two stations. The data for these two stations are available through the USGS National Water Information System (U.S. Geological Survey, 2011).
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