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The effect of Cross-Flow Vortex Trap Devices (CVTDs) on the local flowfield and vehicle drag at a range of yaw angles has been investigated in wind tunnel experiments. The CVTD is a flow control device proposed by Bauer and Wood that aims to reduce the sensitivity of articulated road haulage vehicles to crosswinds by managing the tractortrailer gap cross-flow. A 1/10 th scale model is used in a low speed wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 900,000. The aerodynamic drag force is measured using a load cell connected to a rotating, raised ground plane. This research also uses tuft flow visualisation to examine the local flowfields, and pressure taps to determine trailer pressure distributions. It is found that a configuration of four 45% length CVTDs reduces the wind-averaged drag coefficient by 12%. The drag mechanisms that are responsible for the reduced drag include a lower average pressure on the trailer front face, a removal of the separation on the leeward side of the trailer due to a reduction in gap cross-flow, and an increase in pressure on the leeward side of the trailer behind the tractor-trailer gap. Furthermore, it is found that the drag reduction performance increases with CVTD length but does not vary with the number of CVTDs between one and four. These results suggest that using a single CVTD or flexible sheet of material at the centreline of the cab-gap is the most viable solution, as there is no further benefit to using multiple devices. In addition, it allows for the greatest CVTD length without impeding articulation.

§ 23, p. 481, et seq. ' I take great pleasure in referring the reader to an excellent article on the Civil Law, published in " The American Jurist" for July, 1829, p. 39, et seq. It is written with all the sound judgment and practical sense of its learned author. 20. The same subject. • 20 a. The same subject. 20 b. The same subject. 21. The same subject. 22. The same subject. 23. Degree of Diligence required in different sorts of Bailments at the Comm on Law. , 24. And in the Civil Law.25. Bailees not generally liable for inevitable accident;what is such. Irresistible force, what is. BAILM. fr Xl"^C ONTENTS. 26. Robbery, how far deemed Irresistible Force. 27. Theft, how far deemed Irresistible Force. 28. Burglary, how far Irresistible Force. 29. Other cases of Casualties at the Common Law. 30. And in the Civil Law. 31. Exception in cases of Special Contract. 32. Bailee cannot contract against his own Fraud. 33. Responsibility of Bailee may be enlarged by Special Contract. 34. So by the Civil Law. 35. Effect of Special Contract to keep safely ; whether Bailee is liable for Robbery or Theft. 36. Or, in such case, liable for Accidents. 37. How far such a Bailee is liable by the Civil Law. 38. Private Theft, whether Presumptive of Fraud at the Common Law. 39. The same subject. 39 a. Liabihty of second Bailee to the original Bailor when the second Bailment is made without right. 40. Confusion of Property by Bailee. CHAPTER II. ON DEPOSITS. 41. Definition of Deposits. 42. The same subject. 43. From what the word is derived. 44. Division of Deposits into A'oluntar}-and Necessary. 44 a. Involuntary Deposits, what. 45. Another Division into Simple Deposits and Sequestrations. 46. How far these Divisions are recognized at the Common Law. 47. Difference betT\*en Deposit and Mutuum. 48. Principles of the Contract arising from Natural Law. 49. Divisions of the subject. 50. By and between what persons the contract of Deposit may be. 51. What may be the Subject-matter of a Deposit. 52.^A^hat title Depositor must possess.. Secondary Bailments. 53. Effect of Return of Deposit to owner. 54. How and when an Accessorial thing passes with a Deposit. 55. What is of the Essence of the Contract of Deposit. Delivery of the thing. 56. The same subject. Delivery to keep the thing. 57. The same subject. Custody must be gratuitous. 58. The same subject. Delivery must be to a third person. 59. The same subject. The Contract must be intentional and not by mistake. CONTENTS. XV 60. The same subject. Examples. 61. Obligations of Depositaries. To keep with care; and to restore on re-• quest. 62. What is Keeping with reasonable Care. What degree of Diligence required of Depositary. 63. Whether sufficient for the Depositary to keep, as he keeps his own goods. 64. The same subject. 64 a. The same subject. Comment on Doorman v. Jenkins. 65. The same subject. Rules in the Civil Law. 65 a. The same subject. 66. The same subject. Rules in the Common Law. 67. The same subject. Illustrative Cases. 68. Lord Coke's Doctrine on the same subject 69. Sout...

XIX. -Interpleader XX.-Bills Quia Timet XXI. -Bills of the Peace XXII. -Injunctions XXIII. -Exclusive Jurisdiction-Trusts . . XXIV. -Marriage Settlements ....