The Arctic is entering a new ecological state, with alarming consequences for humanity. Animal-borne sensors offer a window into these changes. Although substantial animal tracking data from the Arctic and subarctic exist, most are difficult to discover and access. Here, we present the new Arctic Animal Movement Archive (AAMA), a growing collection of more than 200 standardized terrestrial and marine animal tracking studies from 1991 to the present. The AAMA supports public data discovery, preserves fundamental baseline data for the future, and facilitates efficient, collaborative data analysis. With AAMA-based case studies, we document climatic influences on the migration phenology of eagles, geographic differences in the adaptive response of caribou reproductive phenology to climate change, and species-specific changes in terrestrial mammal movement rates in response to increasing temperature.
Humpback whales feed in several high‐latitude areas of the North Pacific. We examined the interchange of humpback whales between one of these areas, off California, and those in other feeding grounds in the eastern North Pacific:. Fluke photographs of 597 humpback whales identified off California between 1986 and 1992 were compared with those off Oregon and Washington (29); British Columbia (81); southeastern Alaska (343); Prince William Sound, Alaska (141); Kodiak Island, Alaska (104); Shumagin Islands, Alaska (22); and in the Bering Sea (7). A high degree of interchange, both inter‐and intrayear, was found among humpback whales seen off California, Oregon, and Washington., A low rate of interchange was found between British Columbia and California.: two whales seen near the British Columbia/Washington border were photographed off California in a different year, No interchange was found between California and the three feeding areas in Alaska. Humpback whales off California, Oregon, and Washington form a single intermixing feeding aggregation with only limited interchange with areas farther north. These findings are consistent with photographic identification studies in the North Atlantic and with genetic studies in both the North Atlantic and North Pacific.
Understanding interconnectivity among wintering, stopover, and breeding areas of migratory birds is pivotal to discerning how events occurring in each might have a cross-seasonal effect on another. Such information can guide the location and timing of conservation efforts. Thus, we examined spring migration routes, chronology, and stopover use of 85 surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata (L., 1758)) marked with satellite transmitters at four Pacific Flyway wintering sites: San Quintin Bay, Baja California; San Francisco Bay, California; Puget Sound, Washington; and Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Eighty-three percent of marked scoters followed two main routes to the breeding area: a Southern Inland route involving staging in Puget Sound and Strait of Georgia and protracted inland migration, or a Northern Coastal route characterized by short movements along the Pacific coast of British Columbia and southeast Alaska with inland migration initiating from Lynn Canal and surrounding areas. Route choice was related to nesting site latitude in the Canadian Northern Boreal Forest. Data from birds tracked over 2 years indicated strong migration route fidelity, but altered chronology and stopover locations between years. Departure date varied by wintering site, but arrival and apparent settling dates were synchronous, suggesting individuals adjusted migration timing to meet an optimized reproductive schedule.Résumé : La compréhension de l'interconnectivité entre les zones d'hivernage, d'arrêt et de reproduction chez les oiseaux migrateurs est essentielle si l'on veut voir comment les événements qui se passent dans chacune de ces zones peuvent avoir un effet lors d'une autre saison dans une autre zone. De telles informations pourraient orienter le choix des sites et du moment des interventions de conservation. Nous avons ainsi examiné les routes printanières de migration, leur chronologie et l'utilisation des points d'arrêt chez 85 macreuses à front blanc (Melanitta perspicillata (L., 1758)) munies d'émet-teurs satellites à quatre sites d'hivernage sur la route de migration du Pacifique, la baie de San Quintin en BasseCalifornie, la baie de San Francisco en Californie, Puget Sound au Washington et le détroit de Géorgie en ColombieBritannique. Quatre-vingt trois pourcent des macreuses marquées suivent deux voies principales vers la zone de reproduction, une route du sud dans l'intérieur des terres comportant des arrêts à Puget Sound et au détroit de Géorgie avec une migration prolongée à l'intérieur des terres et une route côtière du nord caractérisée par de courts déplacements le long de la côte de la Colombie-Britannique et du sud-est de l'Alaska et une migration à l'intérieur des terres débutant au canal de Lynn et les environs. Le choix de route dépend de la latitude du site de nidification dans la forêt boréale du nord du Canada. Des données obtenues d'oiseaux marqués au cours de deux années indiquent une forte fidélité à la route de migration, mais la chronologie de la migration et les sites d'arrêt peuvent changer...
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