The dentition of 27 enslaved African Americans from archaeological sites in Maryland and Virginia were examined. All 17 males and 7 of the 10 females in this study exhibited enamel hypoplastic defects indicative of systemic nutritional and disease stresses interfering with amelogenesis. Estimates of the ages of occurrence of these defects show that most occur between 1.5 and 4.5 years of age, 0.5-3.75 years later than historically documented weaning age (9-12 months of age) in similar plantation populations. Comparisons are made with studies of dental enamel hypoplasia in contemporaneous enslaved and free African American populations, including our data on 75 individuals from the First African Baptist Church cemetery in Philadelphia. These populations were highly stressed. While there appears to be a modest effect of early weaning stress, no direct relationship of peak frequencies to weaning age can be shown. These data raise questions about the attribution of peak hypoplasia frequencies to age at weaning or "post-weaning" stresses in previous paleopathological studies. High hypoplasia frequencies during the middle years of enamel development are more likely the result of a combination of 1) multiple environmental stresses, 2) differences in hypoplastic susceptibility in enamel, and 3) random factors.
Kartagener's syndrome is a hereditary syndrome involving a combination of dextrocardia (situs inversus), bronchiectasis and sinusitis, transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. We describe a patient who had three anaesthetics over a period of a few months. Discussion relates to anaesthetic considerations in the syndrome and to recent findings relating to the molecular mechanisms of left-right development.
THE practice of plastic surgery neither begins nor ends with the remodelling of features or the transference of tissue from one area to another. During the stages of treatment by plastic surgery the demands on physiotherapy are many and varied, and no field of surgery presents so many problems or demands suich close cooperation from phvsiotherapists in achieving results. It is desirable, therefore, that a staff memlber of the Physiotherapy Department shoutld be includedt in the plastic surgerv team in hospital, to attend on all rounds and to contribuite to the discussion on patients from that aspect. It is my intention to give a brief suirvey of some of the plastic surgery undertaken at Ministry of Pensions Hospital, Stoke MNandeville, undei the direction of Professor T. P. Kilner, and to indicate how much we call on the phvsiotherapists unlcder the direction
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