In the CNS, there are multiple isozymes of the sodium and potassium ion-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) that have differences in affinity for Na+, ATP, and cardiac glycosides. Three forms of the catalytic subunit (designated alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3) are known to be derived from different genes, but little is known of the cellular distributions of the proteins or their physiological roles. Isozyme-specific monoclonal antibodies permitted the immunofluorescent localization of the 3 Na,K-ATPases in the rat CNS, and markedly different patterns of staining were seen. All 3 isozymes were detected, singly or in combination, in 1 or more neuronal structures, while both alpha 1 and alpha 2 were detected in glia. Many different neuroanatomic structures or cell types stained for more than 1 isozyme. Even when a structure or region stained for more than 1 isozyme, the pattern of staining was frequently dissimilar, suggesting complex differences in gene expression and cellular localization.

No abstract

No abstract

A lack of detailed data on state tax incentive programs has limited the assessment of their economic impacts. However, in 1987, the Nebraska legislature, as part of its new business tax incentive initiative, required that the state Department of Revenue collect data on all business tax incentive agreements and report findings yearly. Nebraska’s legislative mandate produced a unique data set for assessing the impact of a business tax incentive program. Using these data, this article evaluates business tax incentives across Nebraska’s 93 counties during 1987 to 1995 and concludes that qualifying business investment (a) had a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth for low-unemployment counties, (b) had no statistically significant impact on economic growth for high-unemployment counties, and (c) tended to be undertaken in areas with historically higher investment activity, thus contributing to greater economic performance differences among counties in the state.

No abstract