Natural history collections (NHCs) are the foundation of historical baselines for assessing anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity. Along these lines, the online mobilization of specimens via digitization—the conversion of specimen data into accessible digital content—has greatly expanded the use of NHC collections across a diversity of disciplines. We broaden the current vision of digitization (Digitization 1.0)—whereby specimens are digitized within NHCs—to include new approaches that rely on digitized products rather than the physical specimen (Digitization 2.0). Digitization 2.0 builds on the data, workflows, and infrastructure produced by Digitization 1.0 to create digital-only workflows that facilitate digitization, curation, and data links, thus returning value to physical specimens by creating new layers of annotation, empowering a global community, and developing automated approaches to advance biodiversity discovery and conservation. These efforts will transform large-scale biodiversity assessments to address fundamental questions including those pertaining to critical issues of global change.
Background Problematic alcohol use is a common occurrence among college students. While empirically supported interventions exist, their access is typically limited to those with greater resources. There has been an expansion of services provided via telehealth to increase client access to treatment in the health care field. However, the evidence is mixed regarding the effectiveness of face-to-face versus telehealth interventions and there is a gap in the literature regarding brief alcohol interventions delivered via telehealth. As such, the purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a well-validated brief alcohol screening and intervention for college students (BASICS) when conducted face-to-face or through a videoconferencing system. Method Participants included 51 college students who engaged in heavy episodic drinking (5+ drinks for males and 4+ drinks for females over a two hour period) over the last two weeks. They were randomly assigned to receive the face-to-face or telehealth intervention and completed a variety of questionnaires throughout. Follow up data on the participant's alcohol use and alcohol-related problems was collected at 1-, 2-, and 3-months. Multilevel modeling in SAS was utilized for analyses, which included the modeling of treatment outcome trajectories and the influence of predictors on the trajectory of change for each outcome. Results Results indicated that the intervention significantly reduced alcohol consumption and related problems regardless of condition. Both conditions saw an increase in treatment satisfaction and therapeutic alliance between the two sessions. Increased therapeutic alliance resulted in greater decreases in alcohol use and related harm across both conditions. Additionally, those with a mental health diagnosis showed greater improvement related to risk reduction for both treatment modalities. Conclusion In sum, the results of this study suggest that telehealth services should be further implemented and the BASICS intervention can be effectively delivered via telehealth for college students.
23Natural history collections (NHCs) are the foundation of historical baselines for assessing 24 anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity. Along these lines, the online mobilization of 25 specimens via digitization-the conversion of specimen data into accessible digital 26 content-has greatly expanded the use of NHC collections across a diversity of 27
In this work, two separate mathematical models, a traditional and new model, are presented for an endmilling process. The traditional model assumes circular tool motion, while the new model accounts for trochoidal tool motion resulting from the feed of the workpiece past the rotating tool. Simulated bifurcation diagrams are generated using each model and compared to experimental results. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is created for estimating the states and modal parameters of the milling process given the tool deflections in the x and y-directions and rotational angle. Once parameter estimates are calculated, stability analysis is performed to generate the stability bound of the system as a function of the spindle speed and depth of cut. A control system is designed for a simulated milling process that uses updated EKF parameter estimates to track the stability bounds of the system through time. Through knowledge of these stability bounds, the spindle speed and/or feed rate are varied to avoid instability (i.e. avoid the onset of chatter vibrations). This control system is unique in its ability to adapt to changing system dynamics. A chatter detection method is also given based on the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the once-per-tool deflection data. This method cannot avoid chatter vibrations form forming; however, it can detect and quantify the severity of chatter vibrations.
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