Our study sets out to identify the difficulties that high school students, teachers, and university students encounter when trying to explain atomic spectra. To do so, we identify the key concepts that any quantum model for the emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation must include to account for the gas spectra and we then design two questionnaires, one for teachers and the other for students. By analyzing the responses, we conclude that (i) teachers lack a quantum model for the emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation capable of explaining the spectra, (ii) teachers and students share the same difficulties, and (iii) these difficulties concern the model of the atom, the model of radiation, and the model of the interaction between them.
El espectroscopio cuantitativo como instrumento para la construcción y uso de modelos de emisión y absorción de radiación en física cuántica La introducción de la física cuántica en el bachillerato se limita en gran medida al estudio de los espectros de los gases y el efecto fotoeléctrico, obviando la gran cantidad de aplicaciones cotidianas que esta tiene. La construcción y calibrado de un espectroscopio cuantitativo nos permite trabajar con modelos cuánticos más allá de las experiencias que sirvieron para establecerlos. Palabras-clave: espectros de luz visible, espectroscopio, modelos, física cuántica.The introduction of quantum physics in high school is reduced to the study of gas spectra and photoelectric effect, forgetting the wide range of daily applications. The construction and calibration of a quantitative spectroscope allow us to work with quantum models beyond the experiments that were used to establish them.
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