. Objectives. To study the prevalence and possible mechanisms of hypocalcaemia in HIV infection and AIDS. Subjects. 828 patients with HIV infection or AIDS and 549 controls. Interventions. Measurements of total serum calcium and albumin levels. Parameters of calcium homeostatsis were determined in a subgroup of 21 hypocalcaemic AIDS patients. Results. Mean serum calcium was 2.34 ± 0.13 mmol L−1 in the HIV group vs. 2.46 ± 0.10 mmol L−1 in controls (P < 0.0001). After adjusting for serum albumin, hypocalcaemia was present in 6.5% of the HIV group vs. 1.1% of controls. Mean serum calcium was declining according to CDC groups, and differed significantly from controls in each group. Regression coefficients of cacium vs. albumin were 0.147 amongst HIV‐infected patients and 0.106 for controls. In the subgroup of hypocalcaemic patients with AIDS, 10/21 had vitamin D deficiency, six of these with low ionized calcium levels. Low serum PTH was found in 2/21 patients, Magnesium deficiency in 1/21. Of the remaining eight patients, only one had secondary hyperparathyroidism, while the other seven lacked an adequate PTH response, despite low ionized calcium levels in four subjects. Conclusions. Mean serum calcium concentrations were lower through all CDC stages, irrespective of albumin, resulting in a higher prevalence of hypocalcaemia in HIV‐positive patients compared with controls. In a considerable number, this seems to be caused by vitamin D deficiency and potentially a lack of adequate PTH secretion, but further studies are needed to confirm this.
The major UV-B screening pigments of the epidermal layer of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) needles are flavonol 3-oglycosides (F3Gs) esterified with hydroxycinnamic acids at positions 3 ¢¢ and 6 ¢¢ . Acylation is the last step in biosynthesis and is catalysed by position-specific hydroxycinnamoyl transferases (3 ¢¢ and 6 ¢¢ HCT). The UV-B dependence of these enzyme activities was studied in primary needles of Scots pine seedlings grown under different UV-B conditions in environmentally controlled sun simulators. 6 ¢¢ HCT activity was induced upon UV-B irradiation while 3 ¢¢ HCT activity was not induced but showed high constitutive values. To investigate the biosynthesis of diacylated F3Gs during needle development under natural conditions, the HCT activities and metabolite contents were analysed in needles of field-grown mature pine trees. Accumulation of diacylated compounds as well as of 6 ¢¢ HCT activity occurred transiently in the first year of needle development only. In contrast, 3 ¢¢ HCT activity exhibited broad maxima in two consecutive years during needle growth. The data suggest that acylated F3Gs are first formed as soluble compounds which are then translocated into the cell wall to be bound by their hydroxycinnamoyl residues.
Let SCR be compact with #S ¼ N and let CðSÞ be the set of all real continuous functions on S: We ask for an algebraic polynomial sequence ðP n Þ N n¼0 with deg P n ¼ n such that every f ACðSÞ has a unique representation f ¼ P N i¼0 a i P i and call such a basis Faber basis. In the special case of S ¼ S q ¼ fq k ; kAN 0 g,f0g; 0oqo1; we prove the existence of such a basis. A special orthonormal Faber basis is given by the so-called little q-Legendre polynomials. Moreover, these polynomials state an example with AðS q ÞaUðS q Þ ¼ CðS q Þ; where AðS q Þ is the so-called Wiener algebra and UðS q Þ is the set of all f ACðS q Þ which are uniquely represented by its Fourier series. r
The concept of semi-bounded generalized hypergroups (SBG hypergroups) is developed. These hypergroups are more special than generalized hypergroups introduced by Obata and Wildberger and more general than discrete hypergroups or even discrete signed hypergroups. The convolution of measures and functions is studied. In the case of commutativity we define the dual objects and prove some basic theorems of Fourier analysis. Furthermore, we investigate the relationship between orthogonal polynomials and generalized hypergroups. We discuss the Jacobi polynomials as an example.2000 Mathematics subject classification: primary 43A62,43A99,46J10, 05E35, 33C80.
Abstract. We characterize the class of ultraspherical polynomials in between all symmetric orthogonal polynomials on [−1, 1] via the special form of the representation of the derivatives p n+1 (x) by p k (x), k = 0, ..., n.
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