This paper is focused on the impacts of the biodegradable hydraulic and transmission fluid (Universal Tractor Transmission Oil) on operation of tractor hydraulic and transmission systems. The fluid was used in the hydraulic and transmission systems of a Zetor Proxima 6321 tractor. Fluid samples were taken from the Zetor Proxima 6321 tractor at intervals of 250 engine hours. These samples were subjected to an infrared spectroscopy analysis in order to measure the total acid number and perform the ferrography analysis. This paper proves minimal impacts of the biodegradable hydraulic fluid on operation of the Zetor Proxima 6321 tractor. The biodegradable fluid meets the requirements for the operation of agricultural tractors in terms of low impacts on the wear of hydraulic components.
Evaluation of motor oils is given a big attention due to a fact that during the years it was proven that lubrication is a key factor influencing a service life of vehicles and industrial engines. Motor oil must fully serve in various operational conditions (such as city traffic with frequent braking and acceleration) as well as in different climatic conditions (arctic winters or tropical summer heat). Therefore, the change of the motor oil should be optimized in order to ensure proper engine efficiency and extend its service life. The article presents result of testing of two types of used motor oils with the same specification ACEA E4/E7, SAE 10W-40, from two different suppliers. These oils were used in a high-volume diesel engine of IVECO CITY BUS. The sales representatives recently offered a more expensive motor oil (in the text marked oil B) claimed that in their oil can extend the change interval from 40,000 km to 80,000 km. Evaluation of selected parameters did not prove that after exceeding of change interval 40,000 km, the more expensive motor oil would ensure all required functions as it had been declared by the supplier's sales representative.
SummaryThis paper focuses on determining the technical condition of a bearing box in the vehicle by means of vibrodiagnostics. In the next step, we determined the technical condition of roller bearings in the bearing box by measuring the vibration signal. One of the possibilities of determining the technical condition, including the location of accelerometers, the arrangement of relevant measured devices, and the analysis of frequency spectrum, is described in the paper. The aim of the experiment was to measure vibrations of the bearings placed in the vehicle bearing box and then to carry out the analysis of the measured data. The second part of the paper presents the analysis of samples of the plastic lubricant used for lubricating the tested roller bearings. For the analysis, we used an AES Spectroil Q100 device which works on the principle of atomic spectral analysis.
The durability of motor oil and then the change interval are influenced by numerous factors and it is not easy to determine optimal mileage for a specific means of transport or a machine. The manufacturer proposes a maximum limit, but it is not always suitable since operating conditions influence the process significantly. Using FTIR spectrometry and analytical ferrography methods we evaluated used motor oils collected from older types of ZETOR tractors. Change intervals were extended for most tested oil fills. The analysis results showed that when the tractors were exposed to a considerable everyday load during autumn tasks, the lubrication and friction processes in their motors were affected negatively which resulted in increased wear. Therefore it is not advisable to extend the change interval as proposed by the ZETOR manufacturer.
VALACH MICHAL, MAREČEK JAN, HLAVÁČOVÁ ZUZANA, TRÁVNÍČEK PETR, GLOS JOSEF:Determination of impurities in biofuels with use of particle size analyzer. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013, LXI, No. 3, pp. 813-817 One of the qualitative parameter of biofuel is purity. Measurement of purity of biofuels is very important. The reason is that the number and size of particles infl uence an engine life. However number and size of various particles have infl uence on the hydrodynamics and rheologic properties. In the fi rst part of the paper is introduced the description of tested fuels, the method of measuring of number particles and size particles with use particle size analyzer Laser-Net Fines-C (LNF-C). In the second part of this paper results of measurements are stated. The results are compared and evaluated. Two kinds of fuels was tested -biofuels and traditional fuels. Pure rapeseed methyl ester and various mixtures of traditional diesels and rapeseed methyl ester represented Biofuels. Bioethanol was the next tested biofuels. Traditional diesels were the second group of tested fuels. particle analyses, particle counter, purity of biofuels Impurities in biofuels have the origin in several sources. At fi rst it is mechanical impurities (dust, abrasion) or products of chemical degradation of biofuels. If biofuels have high content of impurities, combustion process in an engine has worse running. The change of hydrodynamic behaviour of fuels or the change of rheological properties can be consequence too. In case that this factors concatenate, failure or accident of an engine an arise soon. The state of cleanliness in process can be monitored by detailed, accurate and periodic analysis of impurities in biofuels. For this purpose must be used simple device, which is not demanding in operation or maintenance. And samples need not complicated preparation. Impurities in biofuels are all foreign substances such as gases, liquids or solid particles. Sources of impurities are separated to four basic groups. Various complicated and exact methods we use for demanding of impurities total content. These methods are gravimetric method (fi ltering and weighing on the membrane fi lter), curing method and subsequent weighing, method of counting particles, which are collected on the fi lter with using of an automated optical microscope or method with using automatic particle counter.Currently liquid biofuels are o en discussed topic. But most of professional papers discuss topics on the theme of emissions, which are generated during biofuels combustion, their impact on the environment (Gasparatos et al., 2011;Acquaye et al., 2012;Liaquat et al., 2010) or problematic of biofuels production (Nigama et al., 2011). Currently purity of biofuels is not o en discussed topic. The aim of this work is evaluation of purity and free water of selected liquid fuels sample with using of automatic laser particle counter and classifi er Laser-Net Fines-C (LNF-C) and their comparing. MATERIALS AND METH...
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