This tutorial is based on modification of the professor nomination lecture presented two years ago in front of the Scientific Council of the Czech Technical University in Prague [16].It is devoted to the techniques for the models developing suitable for processes forecasting in complex systems. Because of the high sensitivity of the processes to the initial conditions and, consequently, due to our limited possibilities to forecast the processes for the long-term horizon, the attention is focused on the techniques leading to practical applications of the short term prediction models. The aim of this tutorial paper is to bring attention to possible difficulties which designers of the predicting models and their users meet and which have to be solved during the prediction model developing, validation, testing, and applications. The presented overview is not complete, it only reflects the author's experience with developing of the prediction models for practical tasks solving in banking, meteorology, air pollution and energy sector. The paper is completed by an example of the global solar radiation prediction which forms an important input for the electrical energy production forecast from renewable sources. The global solar radiation forecasting is based on numerical weather prediction models. The time-lagged ensemble technique for uncertainty quantification is demonstrated on a simple example.
This article deals with the use of neural networks for estimation of deceleration model parameters for the adaptive cruise control unit. The article describes the basic functionality of adaptive cruise control and creates a mathematical model of braking, which is one of the basic functions of adaptive cruise control. Furthermore, an analysis of the influences acting in the braking process is performed, the most significant of which are used in the design of deceleration prediction for the adaptive cruise control unit using neural networks. Such a connection using artificial neural networks using modern sensors can be another step towards full vehicle autonomy. The advantage of this approach is the original use of neural networks, which refines the determination of the deceleration value of the vehicle in front of a static or dynamic obstacle, while including a number of influences that affect the braking process and thus increase driving safety.
The present paper expands the knowledge in the field of welding of age hardening aluminium alloys using MIG method. Aluminium alloy AW 6082 (AlSi1MgMn) according to the specification standard CSN 42 4400 was used for the experiment. This type of alloy is used in industrial practice e.g. for medium stressed parts in railway and motor vehicles and in water, oil or petrol pipes. For the purpose of assessing the impact of multiple cycles on the properties in the heat affected zone the weld was designed as a multi-layer weld. The objective of this paper is not only the impact assessment of the degradation of the mechanical properties, but also the possibility of recovery of these properties by heat treatment. During the experiment, the effect of temperature holding time by solution annealing and artificial hardening on the mechanical properties of the base material, HAZ and weld was studied. The effect of heat treatment was evaluated by Vickers hardness test.
Rolling bearings are an important part of most machines with rotating parts. Therefore, their technical diagnostics is an essential condition for ensuring the safe operation of the machine. This article focuses on the assessment of the condition of bearings using one of the methods of technical diagnosticsvibration diagnostics. In our case it is determination of the value of diagnostic variables of rolling bearings with a subsequent prediction of their condition based on the evaluation of time series analysis. Theoretical knowledge and practices are verified based on measurement data obtained from single-row ball bearings of type 3208A in the manufacturer test room.
The production of cores for the pre-casting of holes in castings places high demands on the quality of the molding mixtures used. For this reason, organic binders are still used to a large extent, which, although they meet the technological requirements, are a source of pollutant emissions during the production of castings. The current trend towards greening production is therefore looking for a suitable alternative in ‘green’ inorganic binders. Although for many decades standard inorganic binders could not be compared with organic resins in terms of technological properties, new inorganic binder systems are currently being developed that can largely eliminate these disadvantages, which include, in particular, significantly lower collapsibility and reclaimability, and lower mechanical strength values. Last but not least, the use of these binder systems may be limited by the technological parameter of shelf-life, which is the main focus of this study. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the influence of technological parameters of core production using a new generation of inorganic binder systems on their shelf-life. Shelf-life, defined as the change in mechanical strength and wear resistance as a function of exposure time in a given environment, is evaluated under different climatic conditions.
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