Considering that the muscles of the anus perform a critical role in maintaining continence, losses in their structure can negatively affect the physiological control of the intestinal contents. Anorectal electro-stimulation (ARES) has been reported to have a positive effect on the functionality of treated patients, but how ARES affects the structural tissues of the anorectal segment remains unknown. Because the study of how ARES structurally affects human tissues is not possible, this study aimed to clarify these effects in a murine model, which has a similar anorectal segment (structure and physiology) to humans. For the descriptive and comparative study, randomly selected nulliparous adult Wistar rats (n = 5) were submitted to 30 anorectal sessions of ARES with a biphasic current (700 μs, 50 Hz from 2 to 4 mA). After treatment, the animals were euthanized, and the anorectal segments were dissected and processed for histopathological analysis. Our results showed that ARES increased the widths of the mucosal, submucosal and muscle layers of the rectum, as well as the number of leukocytes in the mucosa. ARES also caused hyperplasia of the smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter and hypertrophy of the external anal sphincter muscle. In conclusion, our results showed that ARES had not only a positive effect on the structure (morphology) of all tissues associated with the rectum and anus but, more importantly, on the structural gain of the muscles (hyperplasia and hypertrophy), which could point to a functional gain of the anal sphincter, reinforcing the applicability of ARES as a non-invasive treatment for anal incontinence.
RESUMO -O acidente vascular encefálico é uma patologia que ocorre no territó-rio vascular do encéfalo. Pode ser classificado como isquêmico ou hemorrágico. Após um acidente vascular encefálico, a pessoa pode apresentar tipos de incapacidades, tanto físicas quanto emocionais. São muitos os fatores de risco que podem levar ao acidente vascular encefálico, como: a hipertensão arterial, a obesidade, o sedentarismo, a diabetes mellitus e o tabagismo. Assim, é importante que haja a prevenção dos fatores de risco, além do conhecimento de cada um deles, para o melhor tratamento do paciente.Palavras-chave: acidente vascular encefálico, fatores de risco , prevenção.
Risk factors for strokeABSTRACT -Stroke is one disease that occurs in encephalic blood vessels. It can be classified as: ischemic or hemorrhagic. After stroke the patient can presents physical and emotional incapacities. There are many risk factors that cause stroke: hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking. Because of this, it is important to know these risk factors and their prevention for the better stroke patient treatment.
RESUMO -A psicomotricidade visa facilitar a interação entre a motricidade, a afetividade e a mente, pois acredita que o desenvolvimento motor normal está diretamente relacionado com esses três fatores que devem ser observados durante a abordagem psicomotora. Os participantes de uma terapia psicomotora são estimulados a interferir em cada exercício proposto, pois o objetivo final da tarefa é proporcionar experiências significativas aos participantes. A interação entre a fisioterapia e a psicomotricidade pode tornar o tratamento fisioterapêutico mais eficaz e significativo tanto para o paciente como para o fisioterapeuta.Palavras-chave: psicomotricidade, fisioterapia, interação entre as áreas.
Psichomotricity and physiotherapy
ABSTRACT -The psichomotricity seeks to facilitate the interaction among the motricity, affectivity and the mind, because it believes that the normal motor development is directly related with those three factors that should be observed during the psichomotricity approach. The participants of the psichomotricity therapy are stimulated to infer in each proposed exercise, therefore the final purpose of the task is to provide significant experiences to the participants. The interaction between the physiotherapy and the psichomotricity can turn the physiotherapic treatment more effective and so much significant for the patient as for the physiotherapist.
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