The development of resistance in three stages throughout an active infection (pre-ovular, acute and initial chronic stages) was studied, comparing the total number of adult worms recovered from the reinfected group and the control groups. It was shown that Nectomys squamipes was unable to develop resistance in the tested conditions and, on the other hand, reinfection in the pre-ovular period of the parasite led the rodent to present the phenomenonacilitation, with reduction of natural resistance and an increase in the parasite load. These results suggest the existence of other forms of immunity diverse from the concomitant immunity in the host-parasite relationship, according to the employed model.

Twenty specimens of Nectomys squamipes born in captivity, were infected with 500 cercariae by the transcutaneous route. Coprologic examinations were carried out from the 5th to 23rd week after infection. On the 7th, 8th, 12th, 16th, and 23rd weeks the animals were sacrificed and perfused. The oogram was performed in segments of the small intestine (proximal, medial and distal portions) and the large intestine. The average pre-patent period was of 42 days. The average number of eggs varied from 350 on the 6th week, to 800 on the 13th. From the 14th week on, the average number of eggs eliminated was lower than 50 per gram of feces. The recovery of worms kept steady on the 7th, 8th and 12th week (16.85%; 15.45% and 11.95%), decreasing to 7.70% on the 16th week and 8.45% on the 23rd week. The proportion of male/female worms was about the same on the first two weeks, but from the 12th week on, the proportion was: 1.4/1 on the 12th week; 2.5/1 on the 16th week and 1.8/1 on the 23rd week. These observations suggest that N. squamipes may be used as an experimental model for schistosomiasis mansoni, to which it develops resistance mechanism, useful for immunity studies.

A infecção experimental do A. arviculoides através de diferentes vias de penetração das cercárias de Schistosoma mansoni (transcutânea e subeutânea) foi estudada pela cinética de eliminação de ovos nas fezes, pela recuperação dos vermes adultos (no sistema porta e nos vasos mesentéricos) e pelo oograma quantitativo. Demonstrou-se que a infecção do A. arviculoides assemelha-se à dos camundongos albinos que serviram de controle, quanto a eficácia das vias de penetração, ao habitat dos vermes adultos e ao oograma. Esses resultados sugerem que se avaliem outros aspectos da relação parasito-hospedeiro para que o A. arviculoides possa ser indicado como modelo experimental alternativo, nos estudos sobre a esquistossomose.

The evaluation of the role of rodents as natural hosts of Schistosoma mansoni was studied at the Pamparrão Valley, Sumidouro, RJ, with monthly captures and examination of the animals. Twenty-three Nectomys squamipes and 9 Akodom arviculoides with a shistosomal infection rate of 56.5% and 22.2% respectively eliminated a great majority of viable eggs. With a strain isolated from one of the naturally infected N. squamipes, we infected 75% of simpatric Biomphalaria glabrata and 100% of albino Mus musculus mice. The adult worms, isolated from N. squamipes after perfusion were located mainly in the liver (91.5%) and the mesenteric veins (8.5%). The male/female proportion was 2:1. The eggs were distributed on small intestine segments (proximal, medial and distal portions) and the large intestine without any significant differences in egg concentration of these segments. In A. arviculoides, the few eggs eliminated by the stools were viable and there was litlle egg retention on intestinal segments. Considering the ease to complete S. mansoni biological cycle in the Nectomys/Biomphalaria/Nectomys system under laboratory conditions, probably the same is likely to occur in natural conditions. In support to this hypotesis there are also the facts that human mansonic shistosomiasis has a very low prevalence in Sumidouro and endemicity among the rodents has not changed even after repetead treatments of the local patients. Based on our experiments, we conclude that N. squamipes has become a natural host of S. mansoni and possibly may participate in keeping the cycle of schistosomiasis transmission at Pamparrão Valley

The effect of anesthetic drugs on the localization of adult worms in albino mice was compared. The animals with 56 days of infection were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, ether or chlorophorm. Perfusion was carried out immediately after, recovering the worms and classifying them in relation to their localization on the liver or portal vein and the mesenteric veins. Our results showed that pentobarbital sodium produced a greater displacement of the worms to the liver (89%) than ether (76%) and chlorophorm (34%) did, when compared to the control group (22%). The difference between pentobarbital sodium and ether was significant (p < 0.05). We suggest that anesthetic drugs may not be used in studies on the distribution of adult worms in several hosts.

No abstract

RESUMODuas semanas após o insucesso da terapêutica com mebendazol -400 mg diários durante quatro dias consecutivos -, 101 indivíduos de uma comunidade semifechada, 50,5% infectados por Hymenolepis nana, em sua maioria crianças entre dois e seis anos de idade, foram tratados com praziquantel (*) em duas doses orais de 20 a 25 mg/kg, administradas com dez dias de intervalo. O diagnóstico da himenolepíase, bem como os controles de cura parasitológica realizados nos 7.º, 14.°, 21°, 30.°, 60.° e 90.° dias depois da administração da segunda dose de praziquantel, basearam-se em exames de fezes pelo método quantitativo de KATO/KATZ. A tolerância ao medicamento foi excelente e a negativação dos exames ocorreu independentemente da intensidade do parasitismo. Nos 7.° e 14° dias pós-tratamento encontraram-se ovos de H. nana, respectivamente em nove e em dois pacientes, mas esses ovos apresentavam-se distorcidos. No controle do 21.° dia todos os resultados mostraram-se negativos, traduzindo um índice de cura de 100%. A partir do 30.° dia verificou-se em três crianças a eliminação de ovos normais do parasita. Tendo em vista serem essas as únicas que viviam em regime de semi-internação nessa comunidade e a positividade tardia dos exames, esses casos foram considerados como reinfecção. Conclui-se, pelos resultados alcançados, que o esquema posológico empregado, fundamentado nas investigações experimentais conduzidas por CAMPOS & col. (1983), é eficaz e seguro para o tratamento da himenolepíase, em especial, quando se pretende tentar erradicá-la numa comunidade fechada. INTRODUÇÃOA himenolepíase é uma parasitose intestinal, causada por qualquer uma das duas espé-cies de cestóides do gênero Hymenolepis -H. nana, mais encontrada no homem, e H. diminuta ou tênia do rato. Sua distribuição é cosmopolita, sendo observada com maior freqüên-cia nos países de clima quente. Entretanto, inquéritos coproscópicos realizados no Brasil sugerem uma inversão nessa tendência, tendo em vista seu predomínio nos estados sulinos, onde a temperatura média anual é mais baixa.Ao contrário dos outros cestóides, o H. nana encontra-se com maior freqüência nas crianças, constituindo-se também no único que necessita de apenas um hospedeiro para seu desenvolvimento, vez que todo o ciclo biológico do parasita pode completar-se no homem. O