A tradicional formação médica no Brasil tem reconhecido no hospital o lugar por excelência para a aprendizagem prática do estudante - enfatizando as tecnologias duras e os procedimentos - em detrimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde, ainda que esta seja, reconhecidamente, capaz de resolver cerca de 80% dos problemas de saúde. Embora este cenário venha se alterando paulatinamente no século XXI, em especial após a publicação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Graduação em Medicina, ainda permanecem dúvidas sobre os melhores modos para viabilizar a inserção de forma exitosa. Com base nestas premissas, o presente artigo tem por escopo contextualizar este debate e apresentar propostas para consecução de processos ensino-aprendizagem na Atenção Básica.
RESUMO
Diante das atuais demandas sociais, tornou-se imprescindível para a educação médica a transição-Learning.-Medical Students.-Medical Education.
ABSTRACT
Given current social demands, it has become essential for medical education to break from the traditional model of biological reductionist and training based only at hospitals and redefine itself towards a holistic care (integrality). The construction of new training practices in health with the use of new outdoor scenarios, in partnership with (Unified National Health System -SUS), assumed a key role.
In 2005 the Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (Unifeso) incorporated into its curriculum the
Problem-Based Learning and the insertion of medical undergraduates into Basic Health Units
The prevailing undergraduate medical training process still favors disconnection and professional distancing from social needs. The Brazilian Ministries of Education and Health, through the National Curriculum Guidelines, the Incentives Program for Changes in the Medical Curriculum (PROMED), and the National Program for Reorientation of Professional Training in Health (PRO-SAÚDE), promoted the stimulus for an effective connection between medical institutions and the Unified National Health System (SUS). In accordance to the new paradigm for medical training, the Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO) established a teaching plan in 2005 using active methodologies, specifically problem-based learning (PBL). Research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with third-year undergraduate students at the UNIFESO Medical School. The results were categorized as proposed by Bardin's thematic analysis, with the purpose of verifying the students' impressions of the new curriculum. Active methodologies proved to be well-accepted by students, who defined them as exciting and inclusive of theory and practice in medical education.
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