Guaran~ (Paullinia cupana) is a woody vine or sprawling shrub native to the central Amazon Basin. The seeds are commercially produced on some 6,000 ha in the state of Amazonas near Manaus. The principal article of commerce is an amber-colored, carbonated soft drink. It is also widely used as a high caffeine stimulant and in local medicines. The plant is monoecious and is damaged by a number of diseases, the most severe being anthracnose. Prospects are excellent for greatly expanded international markets. Guaran/t is the name of a carbonated nonalcoholic beverage marketed throughout Brazil, where it easily qualifies as the national soft drink. It is also the name of the source plant. Guaran~ has reputed curative properties as well and is sold as an elixir and a medicant. It is widely touted as being able to restore properties of youth. Commercial production ofguaran/l is virtually confined to the middle Amazon region of northern Brazil, between the Madeira and Tapaj6s rivers (Fig. 1). The city and county (municipio) of Mau6s are the focal point of the industry, accounting for 80% of the nation's (and world's) total supply as recently as 1980. The past few years have seen some expansion in Amazonas (Table 1). About 6,000 ha are now under cultivation. Guaranh is being sold in increasing amounts in Europe, North America and the Orient. Conceivably the day is approaching when it will become a familiar product in much of the industrialized world. Indeed, the soft drink usually finds ready acceptance among the newly initiated, as the amber liquid has a refreshingly mild, fruity flavor. BOTANY Guaranh, Paullinia cupana Kunth ex H.B.K., is in the Sapindaceae. The cultivated form is often referred to as Paullinia cupana variety sorbilis Ducke. Several species of Paullinia are found in the Amazon Basin and much remains to be resolved concerning the taxonomy of the genus. In the primeval Amazonian forest P. cupana is a liana, its woody stems, supported by towering tree trunks, reach high into the forest canopy. Under cultivation, however, it becomes a sprawling shrub growing perhaps 2 m tall with a diameter twice as great (Fig. 2). Leaves are pinnately compound, with 5 glabrous, shiny leaflets. The plant is evergreen. Its long, arching stems have deep longitudinal furrows, which are most pronounced in the new growth. Some have tendrils, which bear inflorescences, i
RESUMOApesar da importância econômica do guaranazeiro (Paullinia cupana H.B.K. var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) em algumas regiões do Brasil, existem poucas informações sobre sua caracterização fenológica. Assim, realizou-se um estudo cujo objetivo foi de quantificar a produção de fitomassa e sua distribuição, em uma população de guaranazeiros, originadas de propagação sexuada. Foram avaliadas cinco plantas adultas, que lançaram mais de 100 ramos por planta ano -1 , dos quais apenas 50 % produziram frutos. As plantas lançaram entre 445 e 1294 inflorescências por ano, porém, de 67 % a 98 % produziram apenas um fruto. A produção de matéria seca total foi estimada em 15,8 kg por planta ao ano, o que corresponde 6350 kg ha ano -1 . Nas plantas, o maior acúmulo de matéria seca apresentou a seguinte ordem: folhas>ramos>sementes>ráquis>casca dos frutos+arilo> pecíolos.Termos para indexação: Ramos, folhas, matéria seca total, inflorescências, sementes, Paullinia cupana, guaranazeiro. ABSTRACTThe commerce of guarana seeds (Paullinia cupana H.B.K. var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) is economically important in some regions of Brazil. However, few studies are found about its phenological characteristics. The aim of this paper was to study the production and distribution of organic matter in adult plants of guarana. Five individuals, which had more than 100 branches per plant/year, were evaluated. One found out that only 50% of the branches had fruits. The guarana plants had between 445 and 1294 inflorescences but of these, 67% to 98% had only one fruit. The total organic matter was evaluated in 15.8 kg per plant year -1 which means around 6350 kg ha year -1. The organic matter storage in guarana plant had the following sequence: leaves>branches>seeds>rachis> fruit peel+aril> petiole.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.