SUMMARYThis paper offers an introduction to Bayesian reference analysis, often regarded as the more successful method to produce non-subjective, model-based, posterior distributions. The ideas are illustrated with an interesting problem, the ratio of multinomial parameters, for which no model-based Bayesian analysis has been proposed. Signposts are provided to the huge related literature.
The parameters of the life length distribution of a given component are to be estimated. The observations on which inference is to be based are field data which are incomplete in some fashion. Thus, for example, the reported life length may include a period of unknown duration during which the component is not in use, the life length distribution may be affected by an unobserved environmental factor or the component may be part of a larger system, and failure mode analysis reveals only the module containing the failed component, not its identity. It is shown how the EM algorithm can be used to calculate the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of interest in these instances. The methodology is applied to some data on the life lengths of electronic components used in the telecommunications industry, yielding values that are similar to those obtained from complete observations on comparable components.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has aroused obvious interest in academia, however, the specific literature on the subject in the tourism and hotel sector is currently limited. This paper aims to study CSR in the hotel sector in the Colombian Caribbean Region. The application of a questionnaire to a sample of 224 hotels, allowed concluding that the degree of knowledge of CSR is influenced by the size, age, category, type of contract, financial performance and the level of investment in innovation of the hotels. As well as, sex, age and level of education of its directors. This implies a commitment to improving levels of knowledge of CSR to promote more responsible and sustainable tourism in the area.
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