R E S U M OCultivos consorciados representam benefícios econômicos e ambientais, por diversificar a produção na propriedade rural. Propôs-se, então, avaliar o rendimento e o grau de relacionamento entre características agronômicas da mamoneira em cultivo isolado e consorciado com feijão-caupi e gergelim. O experimento foi desenvolvido no período de março a novembro de 2011 em condições de campo, em Pombal, PB. Foram utilizados o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 + 2, sendo 2 cultivares de mamona (IAC 2028 e BRS Nordestina), 3 sistemas de cultivo (monocultivo e consórcio com feijão-caupi ou gergelim) mais 2 tratamentos adicionais (feijão-caupi e gergelim em monocultivo) com 4 repetições. Avaliaram-se, também, as seguintes características: produção de grãos por planta (g), rendimento relativo (%), contribuição relativa das ordens dos racemos na produtividade total e estudo de correlações. Ocorreu em média maior contribuição de racemos secundários na produtividade total. O comprimento do racemo e o número de frutos por racemo são características altamente correlacionadas; dentre as culturas avaliadas a melhor opção de cultura companheira para o cultivo consorciado da mamoneira na região é o feijão-caupi.Yield and correlations of castor bean intercropped with cowpea and sesame in semiarid region of Paraíba A B S T R A C TIntercropping represents environmental and economic benefits due to production diversity on the farm. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and the degree of relationship between agronomic characteristics of two cultivars of castor bean as isolated crop and intercropped with cowpea and sesame. The experiment was carried out from March to November 2011 under field conditions at Pombal, in the State of Paraíba. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 2 x 3 + 2, using 2 castor bean cultivars (IAC 2028 and BRS Nordestina), 3 cropping systems (monoculture and intercropping with cowpea or sesame) plus 2 additional treatments (cowpea and sesame monoculture) with 4 replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: grain yield per plant (g), relative yield (%), the relative contribution of the orders of clusters in total productivity. On average there was a greater contribution of secondary clusters in total productivity. The length of the cluster and number of fruits in cluster are highly correlated. Between the intercrops evaluated the best choice of companion crops for intercropping of castor bean in the region is the cowpea. Palavras-chave:Ricinus communis L. sistema de manejo sequeiro
<p>Objetivou-se avaliar os componentes de produção do feijão-caupi e gergelim, consorciado com a mamoneira no semiárido paraibano. O experimento foi desenvolvido no período de março a novembro de 2011 em condições de campo em Pombal, Paraíba. Realizou-se sob delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com três sistemas de cultivo em dois ensaios experimentais: feijão-caupi (cv. BRS Novaera) e gergelim (cv. BRS Seda) em monocultivo, consórcio com mamona cv. IAC 2028 e consórcio com mamona cv. BRS Nordestina, com 4 repetições, totalizando 12 parcelas experimentais em cada ensaio. O consórcio com a mamoneira reduz os componentes de produção e produção do feijão-caupi e gergelim, sendo a cv. BRS Nordestina mais competitiva. Considerando as variáveis estudadas, a melhor opção para cultivo consorciado do feijão-caupi ou gergelim na região é a cv. IAC 2028.<strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Production of cowpea and sesame intercropped with castor bean in semiarid region of Paraiba</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The objective was to evaluate yield components of cowpea and sesame grown as secondary crops, intercropping with castor bean in the semiarid region of Paraiba. The experiment was carried out from March to November 2011 under field conditions in Pombal, Paraíba state. Three experimental systems were used in a randomized block design in two experimental trials: cowpea (cv. BRS Novaera) and sesame (cv. BRS Seda) in monoculture, intercropping with castor bean cv. IAC 2028 and intercropping with castor bean cv. BRS Nordestina, with 4 replicates, totaling 12 experimental plot in each trial. The intercrop with castor bean reduces yield components and yield of cowpea and sesame, with an cv. BRS Nordestina more competitive. Considering the variables studied, the best option for intercropping cowpea or sesame in the region is the cv. IAC 2028.</p>
This study aimed to evaluate the gas exchanges and production components of sunflower, cv. BRS 324, as a function of irrigation with water of different salinity levels and cationic nature associated with doses of nitrogen (N). The study was conducted in pots adapted as lysimeters, under field conditions, in an eutrophic Grey Argisol of sandy loam texture. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in 5 x 5 factorial scheme, with three replicates, corresponding to five combinations of water salinity and cationic nature -S (S 1 -Control; S 2 -NaCl; S 3 -CaCl 2 ; S 4 -KCl and S 5 -NaCl+CaCl 2 +MgCl 2 ) and five N doses (50; 75; 100; 125 and 150 mg of N kg -1 of soil). Irrigation was applied using water with electrical conductivity -ECw of 0.5 dS m -1 for the control (S 1 ) and 5.0 dS m -1 for the other treatments (S 2 ; S 3 ; S 4 and S 5 ). Gas exchange through stomatal conductance, transpiration, CO 2 assimilation rate, internal CO 2 concentration and intrinsic water use efficiency were evaluated and the production components were determined by the internal diameter of the capitulum, the phytomass of the capitulum with achenes and dry matter of the capitulum. The gas exchange of sunflower cv. BRS 324 were significantly influenced, being the biggest decrease due to the variation in the ECw when compared with the cationic nature of irrigation water. Among the evaluated cations, potassium promoted the highest value of stomatal conductance and CO 2 assimilation rate. Irrigation with saline water negatively affected the production components of sunflower, regardless of the cation present in the irrigation water.
Resumo: A variação da temperatura do solo que uma planta consegue suportar é relativamente ampla, no entanto, seu desenvolvimento é seriamente comprometido a partir do momento em que solo passa a assumir temperaturas abaixo ou acima de certos valores limites. Até então, embora se saiba que a temperatura do solo é um dos fatores ambientais de maior importância para agricultura, poucos estudos acerca dessa variável foram realizados pela comunidade científica para os solos da região Nordeste do Brasil. Logo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo das características térmicas do solo, a partir de dados coletados em duas cidades distintas do estado da Paraíba. Com base na análise dos resultados, verificou-se que o comportamento térmico do solo de ambas as cidades são bastante semelhantes, especialmente no que diz respeito às horas e aos meses de ocorrência das máximas e mínimas temperaturas. Á medida que se avança em profundidade constatou-se uma progressiva diminuição da variabilidade diária das temperaturas do solo. As estimativas da difusividade térmica do solo, obtidas mediante o emprego do método da amplitude e logarítmico, apresentaram satisfatória concordância. Palavras-chave:Temperatura do solo, difusividade térmica, Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil.Abstract: The variation of soil temperature which a plant will tolerate is often quite broad, however, its development is seriously compromised from the moment in that the soil begins to assume temperatures below or above certain limits. Until then, although it is known that soil temperature is one of environmental factor of greatest importance to agriculture, few studies on this variable were performed by the scientific community for soils of Northeastern Brazil. Therefore, this work aims the study of soil thermal characteristics, from data collected in two different cities in the state of Paraíba. Based on the analysis of the results, it was found that the soil thermal behavior of both cities is quite similar, especially with respect to the hours and months of occurrence of maximum and minimum temperatures. It was found a progressive decrease of daily variability of soil temperatures as it advances in depth. The estimates of soil thermal diffusivity, obtained by employing the method of amplitude and logarithmic, showed satisfactory agreement.
Variações diurnas e sazonais na incidência de radiação solar fazem com que as condições térmicas do solo estejam em permanente alteração. A variação da temperatura do solo que uma planta consegue suportar é relativamente ampla, no entanto, seu desenvolvimento é seriamente comprometido a partir do momento em que o solo passa a assumir temperaturas abaixo ou acima de certos valores limites. Logo, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo o estudo do comportamento térmico diário do solo através de dados coletados no Instituto Nacional do Semiárido, durante os meses de julho a dezembro do ano de 2012. A partir da análise dos resultados, verificou-se uma progressiva diminuição da variabilidade diária das temperaturas do solo á medida que se avança em profundidade. Além disso, as temperaturas de maior magnitude foram observadas nos meses de novembro e dezembro.
ABSTRACT:In the Brazilian semi-arid region, it is common to find water with high concentration of salts and with variation in its cationic nature. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the growth and production components of sunflower, cv. BRS 324, as a function of irrigation water of different salinity levels and cationic nature associated with doses of nitrogen (N). The experiment was conducted in pots, under open field conditions, in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB, Brazil, in a randomized block design in 5 x 5 factorial scheme, with three replicates, based on five treatments of salinity and cationic nature of the water -S (S 1 -Control; S 2 -NaCl; S 3 -CaCl 2 ; S 4 -KCl and S 5 -NaCl+CaCl 2 +MgCl 2 ) combined with five N doses (50; 75; 100; 125 and 150 mg of N kg -1 of soil). Irrigation was performed using water with electrical conductivity -ECw of 0.5 dS m -1 for the control and 5.0 dS m -1 for the other treatments. The growth and production of sunflower cv. BRS 324 were reduced when the crop was irrigated with water of electrical conductivity of 5.0 dS m -1 , independent of the cationic nature of water; nitrogen fertilization did not attenuate the deleterious effects of salt stress caused by irrigation waters of 5.0 dS m -1 on sunflower cv. BRS 324; The methods of comparison of means through contrasts and Tukey's test were efficient and can be used together to evaluate the growth and the production of sunflower.
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