Abstract. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant human tumors, with a uniformly poor outcome. One obstacle in curing malignant brain tumors is the limitation of conventional light microscopy in detecting microscopic residual tumor in biopsy samples from the perimeter of the surgically resected tumor. We further refined the identification of GBM tumor tissue at the sub-cellular level, utilising the technique of Synchrotron, sourced mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectromicroscopy. Paired, thin (5 μm) cryosections of snap-frozen human GBM tumor samples removed at elective surgery were mounted on glass slides (hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue section) and calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) windows (unstained tissue section for transmission spectromicroscopy), respectively. Concordance of tumor bearing areas identified in the stained section with the unstained IR tissue section was confirmed by the pathologist of the study. Compared with molecular signatures obtained from normal control brain tissue, unique spectroscopic patterns were detected in GBM tumor samples from 6 patients. The identifying features of GBM were: i) high protein-to-lipid ratios (amide I+II/CH 2 symmetric stretch; amide I+II/CH 2 +CH 3 symmetric and asymmetric stretch), and ii) considerable enhancement of the intensities of characteristic peaks at 2,957 and 2,871 cm -1 representing CH 3 asymmetric and symmetric stretch, respectively. Spectral data sets were subjected to Ward's algorithm for assignment to similar groups, and then subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) by means of false color digital maps. False color images of 5 clusters obtained by HCA identified dominant clusters corresponding to tumor tissue. Corroboration of these findings in a larger number of GBM may allow for more precise identification of these and other types of brain tumors.
We assessed the epidemiology of disabilities in leprosy cases treated in a rural hospital over a 10-year period. This is a retrospective data collection using leprosy registers and treatment cards in a rural private mission hospital. Over the 10-year period, 210 patients with leprosy were registered for treatment. One hundred and twenty-eight (61.5%) had disabilities (26.0% grade 1 and 35.6% grade 2): 13.5% ocular disabilities, 44.5% disabilities in hands and 44.7% foot impairment. Patients >19 years had more disabilities (66.7% versus 50.7%) (P = 0.03), especially ocular disabilities (16.7% in >20 versus 6.0% in <20 years) (P = 0.03). This study detected a high prevalence of disabilities.
Introduction: Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is a common pathogen in postoperative shoulder infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time to positive cultures for C. acnes and compare our experience before and after implementation of a regulated anaerobic chamber system. We hypothesized that this would reduce the time to identify positive cultures. Methods: This was a retrospective review of 34 patients with cultures obtained from the shoulder that were positive for C. acnes. The time until positive result was evaluated before and after implementation of a regulated anaerobic incubation chamber. Results: Following implementation of the regulated anaerobic incubation chamber, the time until C. acnes culture growth significantly decreased from 6.5 days (range 3-10 days) to 4.9 days (range 2.75-10 days) (mean difference: 1.6 days, 95% confidence interval: 1.06-2.66 days; P ¼.002). True infections had a significantly shorter time to positive culture compared to contaminants (5.5 vs 6.8 days, respectively, P ¼.003). Increased number of positive culture specimens correlated with a shorter time to positivity (Spearman rank ¼ À0.58, P ¼.007). Conclusion: Improved anaerobic culture protocols and techniques may lead to greater accuracy and earlier diagnosis and initiation of treatment of postoperative shoulder infections.
From 1969 to 1984 3,972 operations of the thyroid gland were performed. 3,540 scintigraphic findings were evaluated retrospectively. In 2,013 (57%) cases one or more so-called cold thyroid nodules were found. The malignancy rate in these nodules was 5.6%. The fine needle biopsy and cytology gave in 17.9% false-negative results. Based on a malignancy rate of 5.6%, rather high false-negative results of fine needle biopsy and acceptable postoperative complication rate we estimate strict operative indication.
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