If used as monotherapy in hepatitis B patients for a 12-month period, TDF is not associated with changes in either eGFR or a panel of urinary biomarkers. Serum and urinary electrolytes also remained unchanged. Of note, a significant increase in the PTH was found, although not related to the 25(OH)vitamin D initial status.

Recently, the ILSI Europe Acceptable Daily Intake Task Force concluded that for four food additives, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), curcumin (CC), propyl gallate (PG) and thiabendazole (TB), the possibility for joint actions or interactions was not excluded for the liver.

Resumo: Os Cursos de Educação e Formação (CEF) surgiram como uma medida para o combate ao insucesso e ao abandono escolar, proporcionando aos jovens percursos escolares e de formação que facilitem a construção de projectos profissionais mais de acordo com os seus interesses e expectativas, possibilitando assim a conclusão da escolaridade obrigatória.O presente estudo foi realizado em 14 escolas dos 10 concelhos pertencentes à Região Douro Sul, em que foram inquiridos 235 professores e 544 alunos.Os resultados obtidos levaram-nos a concluir que os CEF são realmente uma resposta para o combate ao insucesso e abandono escolar nesta região, pois numa população de 601 alunos matriculados no ano lectivo de 2008/2009 e dos 544 alunos inquiridos, 260 (47.79%) responderam que se não frequentassem um CEF já teriam abandonado a escola e 503 (92.50%) afirmaram que os seus resultados escolares melhoraram com a frequência de um CEF. Abstract: Educational and Training Courses as a response to Academic Failure and Dropout: Study conducted in the Southern Douro Region.The Educational and Training Courses (CEF) emerged as a way to combat academic failure and school dropout, by offering young people academic and training choices that make it easier for them to follow career paths more in line with their interests and expectations, thus allowing them to complete their mandatory education.This study was performed in 14 schools in the 10 municipalities belonging to the Southern Douro Region, in which 235 teachers and 544 students were interviewed.The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the CEF are a real response to combat academic failure and dropout in this region, since in a population of 601 students registered in the academic year 2008/2009 and of the 544 students interviewed, 260 (47.79%) responded that if they had not attended a CEF, they would have already dropped out of school and 503 (92.50%) stated that their grades improved after attending a CEF.