Demodex folliculorum is a saprophytic mite of the human pilosebaceous unit. It is rarely found in children. It has been implicated in the development of follicular pityriasis, rosacea-like demodicidosis, pustular folliculitis, blepharitis, and granulomatous rosacea. We describe a 4-year-old boy who developed asymptomatic facial lesions that histologically corresponded to demodicidosis. He was in clinical remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and currently receiving maintenance chemotherapy. Exanthems related to D. folliculorum are rare in children. Most cases occur in immunocompromised patients and the clinical and histologic findings are diverse. A differential diagnosis should be established with rosacea and perioral dermatitis. The role of Demodex in the pathogenesis of these disorders is controversial. Immunosuppression might increase the number of mites, favoring an inflammatory reaction, or there could exist an impaired cutaneous immunologic response to the parasites.
We report a 13-year-old boy with a petechial rash on the genital area, in which primary infection by Parvovirus B19 was demonstrated by seroconversion. To our knowledge this is the first instance of an exanthem arising from Parvovirus B19 with an exclusive genital distribution without typical acral involvement.
Granuloma annulare is a benign, relatively common dermatosis in childhood. The subcutaneous form is rare, and lesions typically occur on the legs, buttocks and scalp. We report a case of a deep granuloma annulare confined to the palms of the hands in a 2-year-old child.
An analysis of the costs of surgery and long-term follow-up in children with SMCMN is possible. Although the clinical judgment of the dermatologist and parental opinion are the main determinants in the management of SMCMN, costs should also be taken into account.
Resumen Los niños son el grupo poblacional en el que más debe extremarse la fotoprotección. Son muy sensibles a los efectos negativos derivados de una exposición solar excesiva, y no son conscientes de este riesgo. Los niños desarrollan una actividad al aire libre mucho más importante que los adultos, y la exposición a la radiación ultravioleta y las quemaduras durante la infancia son un factor de riesgo fundamental para el desarrollo de cáncer cutáneo en la edad adulta. Es por tanto de vital importancia proteger al niño de los efectos nocivos de la radiación ultravioleta. Las medidas de fotoprotección incluyen las conductas de evitación solar, la protección con ropa, gorros y gafas solares, y el uso de cremas fotoprotectoras. Las campañas de educación solar deben desarrollarse en los hospitales, en los colegios, y en los medios de comunicación, de forma conjunta entre dermatólogos, pediatras, profesores y responsables gubernamentales.
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