Problem-Based Learning, a methodology that builds on problems to develop students' new knowledge, can also be useful in helping students to learn Nature of Science. Prospective science teachers' conceptions regarding Nature of Science and its teaching through Problem-Based Learning were analyzed by applying a semi-structured interview. Nine respondents recognized that this methodology promote research activities and contribute to the learning of some aspects of scientific inquiry. Moreover, they specifically considered that Problem-Based Learning may foster the understanding of the tentative nature of scientific knowledge and of the role of creativity implicit in scientific endeavor. Authors consider that more attention should be given to the contemporary Nature of Science views and to its consistent teaching through this methodology.
A sustainable environment must guarantee a stable Climate change Primary energy supply, Air quality index, Outdoor air resource base, avoiding an overlap of renewable Pollution pollution, Indoor air pollution, Carbon dioxide emission resource systems and the exploitation of non-Ozone layer per capita, Expenditure on air pollution reduction renewable sources of funds only to the extent of Reduction carbon emissions the investments made in the search for resources Biodiversity Depletion of mineral resources and alternative energies. This implies a concern Fishery resources Deforestation rate, Threatened, extinct species for maintenance of biodiversity, atmospheric Marine water resources, Catches of marine species stability and other ecosystem functions that are Forest resources Arable land per capita, Area affected by soil erosion usually not directly classified as economic Land/soil Use of fertilizers, Use of agricultural pesticides resources. Land affected by desertification Water resources Access to safe drinking water, Area affected by salinization, Water use per GDP, Domestic consumption of water per capita, Waste water treatment, Industry, agriculture and municipal discharges, Others Social A sustainable social system is one that achieves Demography Population growth rate, Population density, Urban/rural fair distribution, the provision of basic social migration rate, Rate of growth of urban population services, including health and education, gender Poverty Life expectancy at birth, Statutory pension age population equality, governance transparency and citizen Health Population living in absolute poverty, Population below participation. Gender equality income poverty line, Persons at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion, Calorie supply per capita, Child labour Unimproved sanitation or poor hygiene Education Pupil-teacher ratio, Primary and secondary school Governance enrolment ratio, Literacy rates, Females per 100 males in secondary school, School dropout, Expected years of schooling, Research and development expenditure Life expectancy at birth, Mortality rates, Maternal mortality ratio, Health care quality, Adult health, Adolescent birth rate, HIV prevalence, Child malnutrition, Gender-related development index, Gender Inequality Index, Participation Labour Force Participation rate, Activity and employment by gender, Political participation, Freedom Human Development Index, Human Sustainable Development Index, Others Economic A sustainable economic system must be able to Growth Gross Domestic Product, Growth rate of real GDP, produce goods and services on a continuous basis, Internal market GNI per capita, Gini coefficient, GDP expenditure avoiding sectorial imbalances that may cause Equity components, Balance of payments irreparable damage to the natural resource base of economic production and guaranteeing adequate International market Foreign direct investment, Net inflows, External debt levels of growth and labour with economic and Public Finances Public Deficit, Public debt, Total public debt service ...
Abstract Currently, implementing models and modelling activities in science teaching is considered to be essential. Apart from being crucial as an auxiliary aid to the construction of scientific knowledge, they also play a major contribution in the development of adequate views of nature of science and models, as well as in the development of scientific inquiry competencies. However, many studies disclose that science teachers do not rely on models in their classes very often, thus revealing some lack of knowledge regarding them. With the intention of improving prospective science teachers’ views of the nature of science, emphasising the nature of models, as well as their role in science and for teaching science, an intervention programme was conducted and evaluated. Nine prospective science teachers voluntarily attended the intervention programme and responded to previously validated questionnaires and interviews about models before and after it. Data was analysed with the help of the Q.S.R. NVivo 10 qualitative data analysis package. In general terms, prospective science teachers improve their views regarding models in science and for teaching. Nevertheless, the observation of their classes will be an invaluable asset for future research. Keywords: Intervention programme, modelling, models, prospective teachers’ views, science teaching.
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