Currently, there is concern about following an active and healthy lifestyle in the adolescent population. This is why the present research aims to conduct a systematic review covering the period 2017–2022 in order to analyse the levels of physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the adolescent population. A search of the scientific literature was carried out in the Web of Sciences and Scopus databases during the month of December 2022. The search was carried out in the main collection of the database, limiting the time range to the last five years (2017–2022). The following structure was used to carry out the research search: “Physical Activit*” and “Mediterranean Diet” and “Adolescents”. In conclusion, it has been noted that the practice of any sport shows numerous benefits in anthropometric, respiratory, and physical factors. In addition, increased physical activity time is positively associated with increased adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, which has numerous academic, physical, and psychological health benefits.

Background The scientific literature establishes that people with mental impairments show high levels of sedentary behaviour. Aim This research has the objectives of (a) Studying the effect of the intervention programme on the effect of basic physical qualities, balance and coordination and (b) Comparing the results obtained before and after carrying out the intervention programme according to the sex of the participants through a structural equation model. Methods A quasi-experimental study was carried out with a pre-test-post-test group design, with a sample of 47 participants (46.8% male and 53.2% female). Questionnaires adapted to the characteristics of the sample were carried out to collect the data. Results It is observed that the intervention programme has helped to improve the effect of basic physical qualities on balance and coordination. Conclusion It is concluded that Kin Ball is a sport that improves the quality of life of people with special educational needs and that gender is a key factor influencing the development of basic physical qualities.

The present research has the objectives of establishing the relationship between motivational climate towards sport, anxiety, and physical self-concept, and identifying the existing relationships between anxiety, motivational climate, and physical self-concept, broken down into (a) developing an explanatory model of the motivational climate towards sport and its relationship with anxiety and physical self-concept, and (b) contrasting the structural model by means of a multi-group analysis according to the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. A quantitative, comparative, non-experimental (ex post facto), cross-sectional study was carried out with a total sample of 556 participants (23.06 ± 6.23). The instruments used were an ad hoc questionnaire and the Spanish versions of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire 2, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Self-Concept Form-5, and the PREDIMED questionnaire. The data reveal that participants who show high adherence to the Mediterranean diet attain higher scores on physical self-concept and anxiety, as well as ego-climate. As a conclusion, it is observed that participants who show a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet show higher scores in physical self-concept and anxiety, as well as in all the variables that make up the ego-climate.

Currently, there is a global concern with regard to the lifestyles of young people. This study aims to study the association between Mediterranean diet adherence, emotional intelligence and physical activity practice in teenagers in the last cycle of elementary education. In turn, this objective is divided into (a) developing an explanatory model of the practice of physical activity, Mediterranean diet adherence and emotional intelligence; and (b) developing a multi-group model according to the gender of the participants. A descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted in a sample of 293 elementary school students (M = 11.45; S.D = 0.31). The instruments used were an ad hoc socio-demographic questionnaire, the Trait Meta Mood Scale-24, the KIDMED questionnaire and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children. The results show that males show a positive relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and emotional intelligence and between emotional intelligence and physical activity. In contrast, in the case of females, a negative relationship was observed between emotional intelligence and physical activity. In conclusion, it can be seen that gender plays a fundamental role in adolescence, being a key factor influencing an active and healthy lifestyle.

In the adolescent population there is great concern about low levels of physical activity and low levels of family awareness of the benefits of physical exercise on physical and mental health. This study aims to determine the influence of physical activity levels, family functioning and self-concept in primary and secondary school students, as well as to develop a structural equation model as a function of weekly physical activity time. A descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted on whether students engage in more than three hours of physical activity per week. To collect the data, instruments validated by the scientific community were used, such as the Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve family questionnaire (APGAR) and the self-concept questionnaire form 5. The results show that those students who engage in more than 3 h of physical activity per week have higher levels of family functioning than those who do not meet this sport criterion. In addition, physically active students show higher scores on all dimensions of self-concept than those who practice less than 3 h of physical activity per week. Finally, as a conclusion, it can be affirmed that the amount of physical activity practice brings benefits to student’s mental health.

It has now been shown that an active and healthy lifestyle among university students helps to channel disruptive states arising from the academic environment. The objectives of this research are to describe the levels of anxiety, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and motivational climate as a function of the type of physical activity, and to establish the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet, motivational climate, and anxiety in university students. This objective is broken down into: (a) developing an explanatory model of the motivational climate towards sport and adherence to the Mediterranean diet on anxiety, and (b) contrasting the structural model by means of a multi-group analysis as a function of the type of physical activity. A descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional, and non-experimental study was proposed in a sample of 569 trainee teachers (M = 25.09; SD = 6.22). A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2), the PREDIMED Questionnaire, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) were used for data collection. The data show that subjects with higher weekly physical activity time show lower levels of anxiety, better adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and demonstrate task-oriented sport motivation.

Currently, the family environment is conceived as a fundamental element for the adequate development of adolescents, which is why the present research has the objectives of developing an explanatory model of the incidence of family functionality and emotional intelligence on adherence to the Mediterranean diet in adolescents (b) to contrast the structural model by means of a multigroup analysis according to the degree of adherence to this dietary pattern. For this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using the KIDMED, APGAR and TMMS-24 questionnaires. Finally, the results show that optimal adherence to the Mediterranean diet is positively related to family functionality, while low adherence to this dietary pattern is negatively related. Actualmente, el seno familiar está concebido como un elemento fundamental para el desarrollo adecuado de los adolescentes, es por ello que la actual investigación presenta los objetivos de desarrollar un modelo explicativo de la incidencia de la funcionalidad familiar y la inteligencia emocional sobre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en adolescentes (b) contrastar el modelo estructural mediante un análisis multigrupo en función del grado de adherencia hacia dicho patrón dietético. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, donde se han utilizado el cuestionario KIDMED, APGAR y TMMS-24. Finalmente, los resultados aluden a que una adherencia óptima hacia la dieta mediterránea se relaciona positivamente con la funcionalidad familiar, mientras que una baja adherencia hacia dicho patrón dietético se relaciona negativamente.

Currently, the study of motivation within the physical sports environment is a subject that has been widely studied, as well as the physical-healthy variables in the young population. For this reason, the present research aims to study the relationships between motivational climate, physical activity practice and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in physical education teachers in training. For this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample composed of a total of 558 participants (M=21.37±0.35). An ad hoc questionnaire, the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) and the PREDIMED questionnaire were used for data collection. The data reveal that task climate and ego climate are positively correlated with the practice of physical activity; however, it is observed that the motivational climate plays a key role in achieving a positive adherence to a healthy dietary pattern. Actualmente, el estudio de la motivación dentro del ámbito físico deportivo es un tema muy estudiado al igual que las variables físico-saludables en la población joven. Es por ello que la presente investigación muestra el objetivo de estudiar las relaciones existentes entre el clima motivacional, práctica de actividad física y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en docentes de educación física en formación. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra compuesta por un total de 558 participantes (M=21.37±0.35). Para la recogida de los datos se han empleado un cuestionario ad hoc, el Cuestionario del Clima Motivacional Percibido en el Deporte-2 (PMCSQ-2) y el cuestionario PREDIMED. Los datos revelan que el clima tarea y el clima ego se correlacionan positivamente con la práctica de actividad física, sin embargo, se observa que el clima motivacional juega un papel clave para llevar a cabo una adherencia positiva a un patrón dietético saludable.