ResumoEste artigo se propõe analisar os padrões de preferências na escolha dos parceiros por grupos raciais, tal como estes grupos são definidos nas pesquisas realizadas pelo IBGE, utilizando as informações fornecidas pelas PNADs de 1995 e 1996. As uniões foram classificadas em dois tipos: endogâmicas e exogâmicas, segundo as categorias de cor dos côn-juges. Na primeira parte do artigo são apresentadas as características gerais da nupcialidade por cor para o total do Brasil e por regiões. Na segunda parte, são estudados dois aspectos da composição das uniões segundo a cor dos cônjuges: as tendências diferenciais para a endogamia matrimonial e a seletividade marital no comportamento exogâmico. O trabalho se propõe aprofundar o estudo da formação de uniões e casamentos inter-raciais junto com alguns aspectos dos processos sociais nela incluídos. Assim, com a finalidade de estimar o grau de seletividade racial que opera nas escolhas conjugais, no presente trabalho foram calculadas, a partir dos dados das PNADs 87 e 95, as proporções de uniões formadas dentro de cada grupo de cor, que denominamos taxas de endogamia e que nos fornecem o material de base para nosso estudo. Palavras Abstract Selectivity by Color and Conjugal Choices in Brazil of the NinetiesThis article analyzes the norms of preference in the choice of partners by racial group in accordance with the definition of such groups in surveys undertaken by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), based on information supplied by the PNADs (National Survey by Residence Samples) of 1995 and 1996. Conjugal bonds were divided into two types: endogamy and exogamy, according to color categories of the partners. In the first part of the article, the author describes general characteristics of unions by color for the whole of Brazil and by region. In the second part, two aspects of the composition of unions according to the color of the partners are mentioned: the different trends for matrimonial endogamies and the marital selectivity in exogamic behavior. The article makes a more detailed study of the formation of inter-racial unions and marriages in combination with some social aspects included therein. Thus, in order to estimate the degree of racial selectivity valid in conjugal selection, the proportion of unions formed within each color group was calculated based on PNAD 87 and 95 data. They are called endogamy rates and furnish basic material for the study.
A pro pos ta des te tra ba lho é a de ex por, re su mi da men te, as ma ne iras como, nos re cen se a men tos, são clas si fi ca das por raça/et ni ci da de, as po pu la ções de qua tro pa í ses com his tó ri co de po vo a men to bas tan te di feren ci a do. Há que se res sal tar que na Amé ri ca La ti na, mes mo nos pa í ses que têm ex pe ri men ta do con si de rá vel apor te de afri ca nos pelo trá fi co colo ni al, além de con tar com po vos au tóc to nes no seu ter ri tó rio, que apresen tam, por tan to, pro ces sos his tó ri cos de mis ci ge na ção, não se re gis tra in clu são de que si tos re la ti vos à cor ou à ori gem ét ni ca das suas po pu lações. Como duas ex ce ções, os ca sos da Co lôm bia e do Uru guai apa re cem re a li zan do uma pes qui sa por amos tra es pe cí fi ca so bre a cor, o pri me i ro, e um su ple men to para es ti mar a ori gem ét ni ca da po pu la ção das áre as urba nas, o se gun do. Cabe ano tar que o pre sen te le van ta men to se be ne fi ciou, na sua re a li za ção, pela uti li za ção am pla dos re cur sos da Inter net, aces san do as pá gi nas das ins ti tu i ções es ta tís ti cas dos res pec ti vos pa í ses, de ins ti tu tos de pes qui sa e de uni ver si da des. Em par ti cu lar, esta foi a forma pela qual fac-símiles dos ques ti o ná ri os dos di fe ren tes cen sos es tu dados fo ram ob ti dos. Pa la vras-chave : raça, et ni ci da de, cen sos, cor.Estu dos Afro-Asiáticos , Ano 24, n º 3, 2002, pp. 533 -561 Abstract Race, Ethnicity and Origin in the USA, France, Canada and Great Britain censusesThis work's purpose is to briefly show how populations from four countries, which differ from how they were formed in terms of people, are classified by race and ethnicity in the census. It is important to emphasize that in Latin America even the countries which have received a considerable number of Africans because of the colonial traffic, besides their own inhabitants within the territory, which present a history of a miscegenation process, do not register the color topics neither the ethnic origin of their populations. The two exceptions are the cases of Colombia and Uruguay, the first one seems to be doing a research using specific samples about color , and the second is trying to estimate the ethnic origin of the population from the urban areas. We have to notice that this survey has been benefited from the Internet by accessing pages about statistical institutes from these countries, about research institutes and universities. In particular, that was how copies from different census's questionnaires were gotten.
This paper describes the magnitude and consequences of emigration in Uruguay. The population loss there has had major effects on the country's growth rate and age structure. The composition of the emigrant population, consisting of young, economically active, skilled individuals, indicates that Uruguay is serving as a source of valued human resources at the same time that its economy is stagnating. The process of emigration may be part of a re-enforcing cycle which is deflecting resources away from needed structural changes.
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