This prospective study determined the antibiotic susceptibility of 164 isolates of Escherichia coli from the urine of 164 patients (112 female, 52 male; mean age of 54.12 years) with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI). Half of the isolates were from uncomplicated UTI and half from complicated UTI (52 males and 34 females). Overall, 57.3% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, 25% to co-trimoxazole, 20.1% to nalidixic acid, 14% to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and 0% to fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. Of the 82 isolates from complicated UTI, 16 (19.5%) were resistant to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, compared with seven (8.5%) from uncomplicated UTI (p 0.043). Isolates from patients aged >50 years were significantly more resistant than those from patients aged <50 years for nalidixic acid (p 0.007) and the fluoroquinolones tested (p 0.015). Resistance to fluoroquinolones was 25% (13/52) in males and 9% (10/112) in females (p 0.006). For patients with and without previous antimicrobial therapy, there was a significant difference only for resistance to nalidixic acid (p < 0.001) and the fluoroquinolones (p 0.011). There were adequate susceptibility rates to fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and the fluoroquinolones for empirical use in the treatment of acute uncomplicated UTI. In order to interpret cumulative susceptibility data from the primary healthcare setting, it is necessary to take into account the type of UTI (uncomplicated vs. complicated), previous antimicrobial therapy, and the sex and age of each patient.

-García, M. (2015). Effect of glycounits on the antimicrobial properties and toxicity behavior of polymers based on quaternized DMAEMA. Biomacromolecules, 16(1), 295-303.

Increasing antimicrobial and non-hemotoxic characteristics of polymers bearing thiazole and triazole groups by the appropriate selection of spacer and quaternization groups.

Two series of antimicrobial polymethacrylates (PMTAs) bearing mono and bis-cationic quaternary ammonium cations (QUATs) were prepared by controlled N-alkylation of 1,3-thiazole and 1,2,3-triazole pendant groups with butyl iodide (PMTAs-BuI). The degree of quaternization (DQ) of the azole heterocycles was monitored by (1)H NMR spectroscopy over a wide range of reaction times. Spectra analysis of the (1)H NMR aromatic region allowed to characterize and quantify the different species involved and, therefore, to control the chemical composition distribution of the amphiphilic polycations. The polymer charge density and the hydrodynamic sizes were measured by zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS), respectively. Consequently, the relationship between structure and antibacterial properties and toxicity was studied. Interestingly, these polyelectrolytes present excellent selective toxicity against bacteria being nonhemolytic even at low values of DQ. Furthermore, they were also evaluated for their microbial time-killing efficiency, presenting a 3 log-reduction in only 15 min. Additionally, the bacteria cell morphology treated with PMTAs-BuI was analyzed.

No abstract

No abstract

Doripenem showed excellent activity against Gram-negative isolates; generally it was more active than imipenem and at least as good as meropenem. Against Pseudomonas species, doripenem was more active than both imipenem and meropenem, with doripenem susceptibility observed for some imipenem- and/or meropenem-resistant isolates.

No abstract