The CYD-TDV dengue vaccine was efficacious against VCD and severe VCD and led to fewer hospitalizations for VCD in five Latin American countries where dengue is endemic. (Funded by Sanofi Pasteur; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01374516.).

CYD-TDV had a favorable safety profile and elicited antibody responses against all 4 dengue virus serotypes in 9-16 year olds in Latin America. These findings support the continued development of CYD-TDV.

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The objective of this article is to evaluate the impact of tuberculosis (TB) on perinatal outcome in a cohort of 25 pregnant women with TB treated at the National Institute of Perinatology (Mexico, City) from March 1990 to September 1995. They were compared with a cohort of normal pregnant women; both cohorts were matched by age, gestational age, and socioeconomic status. For purposes of analysis, patients with TB were further stratified into two groups: one included 9 women who started treatment either before or at the beginning of pregnancy, and the other constituted 16 women who started treatment in either the second or third trimester of gestation. Thirteen women (52%) had pulmonary TB, 7 (28%) had renal infection, and the rest of patients had diverse extrapulmonary localization of the infection. Obstetrical morbidity and neonatal mortality were significantly higher in pregnant women with TB who started treatment late in pregnancy. Perinatal morbidity was similar in pregnant women receiving antituberculous drugs early during pregnancy to that in uninfected women. We conclude that TB represents a risk factor for pregnancy. Early treatment of the disease during gestation reverts its negative impact on perinatal outcome.

The overall benefit-risk remained positive in those aged ≥9 years up to year 4, although the protective effect was lower in years 3 and 4 than in years 1 and 2.

These data indicate that a 3 day treatment with ciprofloxacin is at least as clinically and bacteriologically effective as 7 day treatments with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections.

Aims:  To assess the different phenotypes and mechanisms of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in clinical and environmental isolates of Escherichia coli. Methods and Results:  We compared FQ‐resistant E. coli isolates, measuring minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin, along with susceptibility to other antibiotics. We also searched for the presence of efflux pumps, using efflux inhibitors, and for plasmid‐borne FQ‐resistance by PCR. We found that, aside from the higher FQ‐resistance prevalence among clinical strains, environmental ones resist much lower concentrations of ciprofloxacin. Efflux pumps mediate fluoroquinolone resistance as frequently among environmental isolates than in clinical strains. Plasmid‐borne qnrA genes were not detected in any resistant strain. Conclusions:  Environmental FQ‐resistant strains may have a nonclinical origin and/or a selective pressure different from the clinical use of FQs. Significance and Impact of the Study:  The identification of the source of low‐level FQ‐resistant strains (ciprofloxacin MIC c. 8 μg ml−1) in the environment could be important to curb the rapid emergence and spread of FQ‐resistance in clinical settings, as these strains can easily become fully resistant to FQ concentrations achievable in fluids and tissues during therapy.

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