Determination of the presence and characterization of oestrogen receptors (ERs) in subcutaneous and internal fat depots were performed and compared with ERs in the uterus using ligand binding and immunological techniques. Successful and consistent measurement of ERs in ovine adipose tissue could only be accomplished in animals depleted of endogenous sex steroids by combined ovariectomy and adrenalectomy. Scatchard, sucrose gradient and Western blot analyses all confirmed the presence of ERs in the cytosolic fractions of various adipose and uterine tissues from ovariectomized-adrenalectomized ewes. The approximate Kd values of 0.1-0.4 nmol/l for oestradiol binding in cytosolic fractions of gluteal, omental and perirenal adipose tissues were similar to the expected high affinity binding of Kd 0.35 nmol/l observed in uterine tissue. The binding was specific for oestrogens, as unlabelled diethylstilboestrol and oestradiol effectively competed with labelled hormone for receptor sites and progesterone, R5020, testosterone and dexamethasone all failed to compete. Mean (+/- S.E.M.) concentrations of ERs, expressed as fmol specific binding sites per mg protein, were much lower (P < 0.05) in adipose tissues than in uterine tissue (975 +/- 33). However, the content of ERs was greater (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous gluteal fat (11.5 +/- 0.8) than in the internal omental or perirenal fat (5 +/- 0.6) depots. ERs from adipose and uterine tissues both migrated as moieties of 8S on 5-20% sucrose gradients. Western blot analysis of ERs from uterine and adipose tissues in the presence of protease inhibitors demonstrated an immunostaining band with a molecular mass of 67 kDa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DeWind, 1969;Drenick, Simmons, and Murphy, 1970;Juhl, Christoffersen, Baden, and Quaade, 1971;Salmon, 1971;Shibita, Mackenzie, and Huang, 1971;Meyerowitz, 1972).However, the influence of diverse factors (age, sex, corpulence, metabolic alterations) on hepatic morphology is not well known. In this paper, we study the interrelations among several biochemical parameters, and we seek possible links between biochemical and clinical information with hepatic morphology. Materials and MethodsThe subjects studied were hyperphagic individuals undergoing jejunoileal bypass. The criteria for selection included obesity mainly due to hyperphagia, a minimum of 50 kg overweight, and a
Renal dysplasia has been reported in association with a number of anatomical abnormalities, including pancreatic dysgenesis and hepatic anomalies. The combination of renal, hepatic, and pancreatic dysplasia (RHPD), also known as Ivemark syndrome, is rare and uniformly fatal. We report here the gross and histological findings in 4 cases of combined RHPD, 2 of which were detected by prenatal ultrasonography. Evaluation of these 4 and the other 20 reported cases shows that combined RHPD has considerable variability in the histological findings and in organ involvement. In addition, nearly half were associated with anomalies in other organ systems, and 11 of the 24 were familial. In this study, ultrasonographic and histological abnormalities were seen as early as 18.5 weeks gestation in 1 case.
Background. The S‐phase fraction relates to proliferation, an important determinant of tumor behavior, and has been measured most accurately with the DNA precursor tritiated thymidine (TT). The TT labeling index (LI) is a strong stage‐independent prognostic indicator for breast carcinoma. The thymidine analogue 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is also incorporated into DNA and has the advantage over TT of immunohistochemical detectability rather than requiring autoradiography, but it is less well studied in breast carcinoma. This report demonstrates the equivalence of TT and BrdU LI and explores the relationships between LI and other biologic measurements. Methods. The LI of 234 consecutive breast carcinomas were measured with TT as was a subsequent series of 450 cases with BrdU, both by incubation in vitro. Results. The mean BrdU LI was 6.4±0.3% in comparison with 6.9±0.4% in the prior TT series. LI was unaffected by storage for 24 hours at 4°CCbefore labeling with BrdU. The BrdU and TT LI both correlated (1) positively with tumor size, histologic type, nuclear size, the number of axillary metastases, the level of DNA ploidy, and the percent S‐phase by flow cytometry and (2) negatively with the age of the patient and the levels of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor measured either by ligand binding or by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions. BrdU labeling in vitro was an advantageous method for measuring S‐phase fraction in breast carcinoma that produced results comparable to those from TT labeling. It should be equally effective for breast cancer kinetic classification and prognosis and is a suitable standard to evaluate newer methods for measuring cellular proliferation.
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