Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of overweight and obesity new strategies are needed for its prevention and treatment. Nutritional coaching (NC) has been shown to be effective in weight reduction although, due to the novelty of this concept, it's not always used properly. Objective: To verify if NC, in addition to dietary assessment, is an effective approach to weight loss in overweight or obese population compared to technical dietary assessment. Material and methods: We performed a search for papers related to NC to establish quality parameters for this intervention. A systematic review was conducted, including randomized controlled trials that apply CN according to the selected parameters and comparing it with technical dietary assessment. Results: Eight high quality studies were included in the analysis. Among these, six revealed statistical differences on behalf of the group that received NC. Conclusion: Nutritional coaching is an effective approach for weight reduction. Future nutritional coaching intervention research would benefit from clear definitions of this new model.
Given the relevance of the effects that weight loss can generate on the physical performance in athletes, this study performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of the published literature on rapid weight loss (RWL) and examined its impact on the physical performance in Official Olympic combat sports athletes. The “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis” (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to ensure an ethical and complete reporting of the findings. PubMed, SPORT Discus, and EBSCO were the electronic databases explored for article retrieval and selection. The following string was applied: “RWL” OR “weight loss” OR “weight reduction” AND “judo” OR “wrestling” or “taekwondo” or “boxing” AND “performance.” Based on the quality analysis, conducted according to the “Tool for the assessment of study quality and reporting in exercise training studies” (TESTEX), ten articles achieved a score >6 points. The meta-analysis showed a significant difference in pre- vs. post-weight loss (p = 0.003) and no effects in pre- vs. post-power and strength performance analysis (p > 0.05 for both results). Based on our systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature, RWL up to ≤5% of the body mass in less than 7 days does not influence performance outcomes in Official Olympic combat athletes with weight classes, considering the strength and power measures.
La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 es una enfermedad infecciosa que se identificó por primera vez en la ciudad de Wuhan en China. Hasta la fecha, la obesidad sarcopénica y la desnutrición proteica-energética mantienen una estrecha asociación con la aparición de formas graves de COVID-19, por lo que la presente revisión se centra en la importancia de una alimentación y ejercicio físico adecuados con el objetivo de disminuir la severidad de las infecciones por COVID-19 y de qué forma estos confluyen para complementar tratamientos médicos. Un exceso de grasa corporal y la aparición de desnutrición, nos mantienen más vulnerables a contraer la enfermedad por coronavirus; una pandemia de gran magnitud que, para distintas organizaciones internacionales de salud, se encuentra vinculada a dos tópicos centrales: La nutrición y el ejercicio físico. El desarrollo y aplicación de nuevas intervenciones nutricionales y de ejercicio es requerida con urgencia con el objetivo de no solo reducir la obesidad, desnutrición y sarcopenia adquiridos durante la pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus sino también para brotes virales que posiblemente puedan acontecer a futuro. Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease that was first identified in the city of Wuhan in China. To date, sarcopenic obesity and protein-energy malnutrition maintain a close association with the appearance of severe forms of COVID-19, so this review focuses on the importance of adequate nutrition and physical exercise to reduce the severity COVID-19 infections and how they come together to complement medical treatments. An excess of body fat and the appearance of malnutrition, keep us more vulnerable to contracting the coronavirus disease; a pandemic of great magnitude that, for different international health organizations, is linked to two central topics: nutrition and physical exercise. The development and application of new nutritional and exercise interventions is urgently required with the aim of not only reducing obesity, malnutrition and sarcopenia acquired during the coronavirus disease pandemic but also for viral outbreaks that may possibly occur in the future.
La nutrición tiene un papel preponderante en la salud mental y física. El desayuno per-mite un mejor rendimiento y mayor grado de concentración. En la actualidad, los jóvenes universitarios adoptan prácticas alimentarias dependientes del acceso al mis-mo, por lo que muchos consumen el desayuno que se venden en los alrededores de la universidad. El presente estudio evaluó el aporte nutricional de desayunos a nivel de macronutrientes y calorías que ofrece la venta ambulante cerca de una universidad de Lima. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo-transversal. La muestra se obtuvo de cuatro puntos de venta de ambulante, durante los meses de junio a julio del 2018. El aporte nu-tricional de los desayunos expendidos en los puntos de venta de la zona alrededor de la universidad muestra preparaciones hipocalóricas con 192,3 - 370 Kcal (13,2 -15,7%), respecto al requerimiento calórico promedio propuesto de 400-500 Kcal (20-25%), en una población urbana promedio que consume 2000 Kcal al día.PALABRAS CLAVE: desayunos, macronutrientes, universitarios.
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