Vascular age is a new concept derived from Framingham risk tables that can be calculated with other risk scales, like SCORE. Agreement of vascular age calculated from the SCORE equations for high- and low-risk countries was extremely high, in contrast to the poor agreement in absolute risk.

The aim of the study was the evaluation of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection rate and semiquantification of viremia in healthy people. Healthy blood donors were studied. Human herpesvirus-6 IgG and IgM antibody titers were measured by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Human herpesvirus-6 DNA amplification (nested-PCR) was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in serum. Seventeen of 50 (34 percent) individuals were positive for IgG anti-HHV-6 and the titers ranged from 1:40 to 1:160. None of 30 individuals was positive for IgM anti-HHV-6, suggesting no recent infection nor reactivation. Human herpesvirus-6 DNA was detected by nested-PCR amplification in peripheral blood mononuclear cells but not in sera. When 1 microgram DNA was amplified, HHV-6 DNA was detected in 8 of 20 individual (40%), but in 18 of 20 (90%) when 5 micrograms DNA were amplified. It is concluded that HHV-6 is present in a high proportion of the healthy population but in minimal amounts, and although it can be detected in 1.4 x 10(5) PBMC, 7 x 10(5) cells are necessary to detect most cases. No reactivation was observed in healthy people.

The prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections was studied in 70 patients diagnosed as having hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition to viral serological markers, serum hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis C virus RNA were determined with a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Twelve patients (17%) were HBsAg positive, 26 (37%) had antibodies to HBs, HBc or both and 32 (46%) were negative for all hepatitis B virus serological markers. Prevalence of the antibody to hepatitis C virus was 63% (44 patients). Hepatitis B virus DNA was detected in 24 of the 66 tested patients (36%). Twelve of these hepatitis B virus DNA-positive patients were HBsAg negative (seven were positive for antibody to HBs, antibody to HBc or both and five were negative for all hepatitis B virus serological markers). Hepatitis C virus RNA was found in 42 of 68 patients (62%). A high correlation (95%) existed between hepatitis C virus RNA and hepatitis C virus antibodies. Nevertheless, two patients without antibody to hepatitis C virus had serum hepatitis C virus RNA sequences. Coinfection by the two viruses was detected in nine subjects (14%), but no clinical differences were found between these and the rest of the patients. We conclude that nearly 90% (62 of the 70 patients studied) of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in our geographical area are related to hepatitis virus infections (detected by serological or molecular studies). Hepatitis C is more prevalent than hepatitis B virus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and the infection is still active when the tumor is diagnosed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

This study analyzed the effect of population aging on organ donation for transplants in 43 countries and on the effectiveness of the donation process by comparing the results between Spain and the United States. The percentage of the population aged 65 or over accounted for 33% of the difference in the donation rates between the countries and for 91% of the variation in the rates after age adjustment. However, the level of aging of the Spanish (16.5%) and American (12.3%) populations failed to account for the percentages of deceased donors 65 or over (28% vs. 10%), due to the different age-specific donation rates, much higher in Spain above 50 years. These differences lead to a higher effectiveness of the process in the United States (3.1 transplanted organs per donor vs. 2.5 in Spain), though at lower rates of transplant per million population (73 vs. 87). We conclude that older populations have a greater donation potential as donation rates are strongly associated with population aging. It should therefore be mandatory to adjust donation rates for age before making comparisons. Additionally, effectiveness decreases with older donors, so age should be considered when establishing standards relating to organ donation and effectiveness of the process.

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