Knowledge about the distribution and diversity of wetlands has become an essential tool for environmental management and policy-making. Yet, while recent estimates indicate that 27% of the area of Colombia is covered by wetlands and despite a number of regional studies, information about the diversity of wetlands nationally is scarce. In response, we present a national wetland classification system that is based on an ecological approach, from the perspective of wetland scientists, and which builds upon the assumptions underlying the flood pulse concept and hydrogeomorphic approach. Thus, the approach and structure of the Brazilian wetland classification system are used, with geomorphological adjustments made according to Colombia's topography. The classification is hierarchical, multi-scale, functional, and organized according to four levels (system, macroregion, subsystem, and class), with the wetland diversity of Colombia represented nationally by 89 macrohabitats across marine-coastal, inland, and anthropogenic systems. The primary purpose of this classification is to provide integrated and organized information on the distribution and diversity of Colombian wetlands that will serve as a baseline for transparent environmental policy-making.
The aim of this little paper is to disseminate between regional geoscientists an historical data about an earthquake or swarm of earthquakes, felt in what is now the city of Medellín, in 1730. As far as is known, this event has not been reported before in available historical catalogs. It is important to understand the seismic hazard of the city and the region. An brief analysis is made with the limited published historical information.
In the "La Bonita" sector (Amagá, Antioquia), between km 3+200 and km 3+500 of the Camilo C. Restrepo (Amagá) - El Cinco (Fredonia) road, which is above the rocks of the upper member of the Amagá formation (conformed mainly by interbedded claystones, sandstones and thin beds of coal), occur many instability processes that seriously affect the infrastructure of the area, and could be the result of the variations of mechanical and mineralogical properties of the claystones by effect of humidity fluctuations in the study area. According to the results obtained after multiple field trips, mapping of morphodynamic processes, subsoil explorations and laboratory tests, was determined that these materials, even as a rock, given their particular characteristics, have the ability to expand (changing their volume by about 10%) upon contact with water, generating expansion pressures up to 700kPa on the overlying materials, leading to the development of multiple slow morphodynamic processes (whose rate is related to winter seasons) that destabilize the ground.
Se presenta una ruta metodológica que permite la delimitación de Unidades de Paisaje, las cuales fueron determinadas a partir de la identificación e integración de los elementos naturales que las componen y de sus comportamientos y relacionamientos culturales dentro del territorio, ese conjunto de elementos permitirá darles una resignificación territorial, la cual da línea a nombrar cada unidad de paisaje de acuerdo a su contexto territorial presente.
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